What is hypertrophic ossification?
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is the presence of bone in soft tissue where bone normally does not exist. The acquired form of HO most frequently is seen with either musculoskeletal trauma, spinal cord injury, or central nervous system injury.
What is ectopic ossification?
Ectopic ossification is a biologic process in which new bone is formed in tissues which normally do not ossify. Three cases of this disease are described. The literature on this subject has been extensively analysed and organized.
What does Intramembranous ossification do?
Intramembranous ossification is the process of bone development from fibrous membranes. It is involved in the formation of the flat bones of the skull, the mandible, and the clavicles. The non-mineralized portion of the bone or osteoid continues to form around blood vessels, forming spongy bone.
What is the endochondral ossification process?
Endochondral ossification involves the replacement of hyaline cartilage with bony tissue. Most of the bones of the skeleton are formed in this manner. These bones are called endochondral bones. In this process, the future bones are first formed as hyaline cartilage models. This forms a primary ossification center.
How do I get rid of ossification?
Currently, “there’s no way to prevent it and once it’s formed, there’s no way to reverse it,” says Benjamin Levi, M.D., Director of the Burn/Wound/Regeneration Medicine Laboratory and Center for Basic and Translational Research in Michigan Medicine’s Department of Surgery.
How painful is heterotopic ossification?
Heterotopic ossification following primary replacement of the hip or knee is typically asymptomatic and is most commonly identified as an incidental radiological finding. When symptomatic, it presents with a reduced range of movement and may lead to a poor outcome following replacement. Pain is uncommon, but can occur.
What causes ectopic ossification?
Causes. Heterotopic ossification of varying severity can be caused by surgery or trauma to the hips and legs. About every third patient who has total hip arthroplasty (joint replacement) or a severe fracture of the long bones of the lower leg will develop heterotopic ossification, but is uncommonly symptomatic.
When does ectopic ossification occur?
HO usually occurs 3-12 weeks after spinal cord injury yet has been known to also develop years later.
What are Osteoprogenitor cells?
Introduction. Osteoprogenitor cells, also known as osteogenic cells, are stem cells located in the bone that play a prodigal role in bone repair and growth. These cells are the precursors to the more specialized bone cells (osteocytes and osteoblasts) and reside in the bone marrow.
What are Osteoids?
Osteoid is a protein mixture secreted by osteoblasts that forms the organic matrix of bone. Bone is formed when osteoid mineralizes. Osteoid is important in several disease processes: failure of osteoid to mineralize leads to osteomalacia in adults and rickets in children.
What is endochondral ossification and when does it occur?
Endochondral ossification is the process by which bone tissue is formed in early fetal development. It begins when MSCs start to produce a cartilage template of long bones, such as the femur and the tibia, upon which bone morphogenesis occurs.
What is the meaning of Endochondral?
Endochondral bone: Any bone that develops in and replaces cartilage. The cartilage is partially or entirely destroyed by the process of calcification. The cartilage is then resorbed (reabsorbed), leaving bone in its place. Many bones are formed this way, particularly the long bones of the arms, legs, and ribs.
What’s the difference between a chondral and an osteochondral defect?
Chondral/Osteochondral Defect. A chondral defect refers to a focal area of damage to the articular cartilage (the cartilage that lines the end of the bones). An osteochondral defect refers to a focal area of damage that involves both the cartilage and a piece of underlying bone. These can occur from an acute traumatic injury to…
What do you mean by endochondral ossification in horses?
Endochondral ossification is the process by which the long bones of the body form, and is most commonly the way in which damaged adult bone heals (i.e., fracture healing). Janet Douglas, in Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse (Second Edition), 2011
How is cartilage removed from a chondral bone?
The cartilage is often not viable when it is separated from the bone and therefore must be removed which can be done with an arthroscopic procedure. However, the now exposed bone should be treated, if possible, to attempt to stimulate growth of new cartilage. Some healthy flaps of cartilage can be repaired by special techniques.
When does endochondral ossification occur in a fetus?
Endochondral ossification is the process by which bone tissue is formed in early fetal development.