What is antidote in toxicology?
Antidotes are agents that negate the effect of a poison or toxin. Antidotes mediate its effect either by preventing the absorption of the toxin, by binding and neutralizing the poison, antagonizing its end-organ effect, or by inhibition of conversion of the toxin to more toxic metabolites.
What is a good antidote for poison?
Poison & Antidote Chart
| Poison | Antidote |
|---|---|
| Calcium channel blockers | Atropine, Insulin, Calcium, Lipid emulsion |
| Cyanide | Hydroxocobalamin (Cyanokit), Sodium thiosulfate |
| Digoxin | Atropine, Digoxin immune Fab |
| Ethylene glycol | Fomepizole, Pyridoxine, Sodium bicarbonate |
How many types of antidotes are there?
Antidotes developed for treatment of nerve agent intoxication can be divided into two types: prophylaxis, as preexposure administration of antidotes; and post-exposure treatment, consisting of anticholinergic drugs, AChE reactivators, and anticonvulsants.
What is the most common ingredient of a universal antidote?
Purpose of review: For decades, activated charcoal has been used as a ‘universal antidote’ for the majority of poisons because of its ability to prevent the absorption of most toxic agents from the gastrointestinal tract and enhance the elimination of some agents already absorbed.
What is example of antidote?
Some examples of antidotes include: Acetylcysteine for acetaminophen poisoning. Activated charcoal for most poisons. Atropine for organophosphates and carbamates.
What is the example of mechanical antidote?
3) Mechanical Antidotes: Mechanical antidotes which prevent the absorption of poison into the body. For example, activated charcoal absorbs the poison prior to absorption across intestinal wall.
What are antidotes with examples?
Introduction
| Poison | Antidote |
|---|---|
| Fluoride (acute) and hydrofluoric acid | Calcium borogluconate |
| Heparin | Protamine sulfate |
| Iron | Deferoxamine |
| Lead | Calcium disodium EDTA OR Calcium disodium EDTA + dimercaprol OR Meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (Succimer) OR d-Penicillamine |
What are the 3 components of universal antidote?
a dated mixture of two parts activated charcoal, one part tannic acid, and one part magnesium oxide intended to be administered to patients who consumed poison.
What are universal antidotes?
During the last decade or so, it has been increasingly recognized that the formulation known as “universal antidote” (2 parts activated charcoal, 1 part tannic acid, and 1 part magnesium oxide) is gener- ally less effective than activated charcoal alone as an oral antidote.
What are the 3 main components of the universal antidote?
Is magnesium oxide universal antidote?
Magnesium oxide, another component of “universal antidote,” was found to offer no interference to salicylate adsorption, presumably because it does not adsorb to charcoal to any significant extent.
Does aspirin have an antidote?
There is no antidote for salicylate poisoning. Initial treatment of an overdose involves resuscitation measures such as maintaining an adequate airway and adequate circulation followed by gastric decontamination by administering activated charcoal, which adsorbs the salicylate in the gastrointestinal tract.
How are antidotes used in the treatment of poisons?
Introduction Antidotes are agents that negate the effect of a poison or toxin. Antidotes mediate its effect either by preventing the absorption of the toxin, by binding and neutralizing the poison, antagonizing its end-organ effect, or by inhibition of conversion of the toxin to more toxic metabolites.
Are there any antidotes for paracetamol and cyanide poisoning?
Drugs such as N-acetyl cysteine and sodium thiocyanate reduce the formation of toxic metabolites in paracetamol and cyanide poisoning respectively. Drugs such as atropine and magnesium are used to counteract the end-organ effects in organophosphorus poisoning.
What’s the best antidote for ethylene glycol poisoning?
Protamine that is strongly basic combines with acidic heparin forming a stable complex and neutralizes the anticoagulant activity of both drugs. Isoniazid, theophylline, monomethyl hydrazine. Adjunctive therapy in ethylene glycol poisoning.
Do you treat the patient, not the toxin?
“Treat the patient, not the toxin” is hence the guiding dictum in clinical toxicology. In a small proportion (<2%) of toxins,1antidotes have been identified. It must be stressed that the expected benefit of the antidote must be determined and weighed against the potential side effects and toxicity of the antidote.