How many acetyl-CoA molecules can be produced from palmitic acid?

How many acetyl-CoA molecules can be produced from palmitic acid?

8 acetyl-CoA molecules
Palmitic acid is the most common type of fatty acid that contains sixteen carbon atoms and no carbon-carbon double bonds. In order to completely break down the fatty acid, a total of seven cycles of beta oxidation must take place. This generates a total of 8 acetyl-CoA molecules, 7 NADH molecules and 7 FADH2 molecules.

What is the breakdown of fatty acids to acetyl-CoA called?

β-oxidation
Lipolysis. To obtain energy from fat, triglycerides must first be broken down by hydrolysis into their two principal components, fatty acids and glycerol. This process, called lipolysis, takes place in the cytoplasm. The resulting fatty acids are oxidized by β-oxidation into acetyl CoA, which is used by the Krebs cycle …

How are fatty acids broken down into acetyl-CoA?

Fatty acids are broken down to acetyl-CoA by means of beta oxidation inside the mitochondria, whereas fatty acids are synthesized from acetyl-CoA outside the mitochondria, in the cytosol. The two pathways are distinct, not only in where they occur, but also in the reactions that occur, and the substrates that are used.

Which of the following enzyme catalyses conversion of palmitic acid to palmitoyl CoA *?

palmitoyl-coenzyme A synthetase
Biosynthesis. Palmitoyl CoA formed from palmitic acid, in the reaction below. This reaction is often referred to as the “activation” of a fatty acid. The activation is catalyzed by palmitoyl-coenzyme A synthetase and the reaction proceeds through a two step mechanism, in which palmitoyl-AMP is an intermediate.

How many acetyl-CoA molecules are produced?

two acetyl CoA molecules
Since glycolysis of one glucose molecule generates two acetyl CoA molecules, the reactions in the glycolytic pathway and citric acid cycle produce six CO2 molecules, 10 NADH molecules, and two FADH2 molecules per glucose molecule (Table 16-1).

How many acetyl-CoA units are produced?

This process continues until the entire chain is cleaved into acetyl CoA units. The final cycle produces two separate acetyl CoAs, instead of one acyl CoA and one acetyl CoA. For every cycle, the Acyl CoA unit is shortened by two carbon atoms. Concomitantly, one molecule of FADH2, NADH and acetyl CoA are formed.

What is fatty acid breakdown?

Fatty acid degradation is the process in which fatty acids are broken down into their metabolites, in the end generating acetyl-CoA, the entry molecule for the citric acid cycle, the main energy supply of animals. It includes three major steps: Lipolysis of and release from adipose tissue.

Which of the following produces acetyl-CoA?

Explanation: Isoleucine, leucine, threonine and tryptophan yield acetyl coA directly.

How many acetyl-CoA are in a fatty acid?

two acetyl-CoA molecules
Explanation: During beta oxidation of fatty acids, carbons are removed from the fatty acid chain two at a time. So when a fatty acid is composed of an even number of carbons (as most are) 4 carbons will be left at the end. This will be cleaved into two separate 2 carbon molecules – two acetyl-CoA molecules.

What is palmitic acid used for?

Palmitic Acid is a fatty used as a food additive and emollient or surfactant in cosmetics. A common saturated fatty acid found in fats and waxes including olive oil, palm oil, and body lipids.

Which of the following event in activates acetyl CoA carboxylase?

Acetyl CoA carboxylase is inhibited by phosphorylation and activated by the binding of citrate. How is the formation of the inactive, phosphorylated form of the enzyme regulated? AMPK, the enzyme that phosphorylates the carboxylase, is essentially a fuel gauge—it is activated by AMP and inhibited by ATP.

How much Acetyl-CoA is in a stearic acid?

9 Acetyl CoA
Stearic acid is an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid. It will undergo 8 rounds of beta-oxidation to produce 9 Acetyl CoA…

How is palmitic acid converted to palmityl CoA?

Palmitic acid is converted to palmityl CoA for modification. Fatty acids modification takes place by the action of enzyme systems that are present on the cytoplasmicface of the ER membrane. FA longer than palmitic acid are synthesized by an elongation enzyme system. Additional carbons are added in 2-carbon units using malonyl CoA as the donor.

How many carbons does palmitate lose in oxidative cycle?

For example, the 16-carbon fatty acid palmitic acid (palmitate at pH 7) undergoes seven passes through this oxidative sequence, in each pass losing two carbons as acetyl-CoA. At the end of seven cycles the last two carbons of palmitate (originally C-15 and C-16) are left as acetyl-CoA.

How many ATPs are produced by palmitic acid oxidation?

Palmitic acid has 16 carbons, so you can break it down into eight acetyl‐CoA molecules, with the formation of one FADH 2 and one NADH at each of the seven β‐oxidation steps. Electron transport starting with FADH 2 yields two ATPs and with NADH yields three ATPs.

How is acyl CoA degraded to acetyl CoA?

In order to be completed degraded to Acetyl CoA, the fatty acid in form of acyl CoA should experiment several “rounds” in the Beta-oxidation process. En each round, an Acetyl CoA is released and, a NADH.H+ and a FADH2 are produced. We know already how many acetyls CoA are formed from each fatty acid: n/2, where n is the number of carbons.