What is xylene isomer?
Xylene exists as three different isomers: meta-, ortho-, and para-xylene. Generally, the industrial xylene is used as a blend of those three isomers, commonly referred to as mixed xylene.
What is the purpose of xylene?
It is primarily used as a solvent (a liquid that can dissolve other substances) in the printing, rubber, and leather industries. Along with other solvents, xylene is also widely used as a cleaning agent, a thinner for paint, and in varnishes.
What are the properties of xylene?
Properties
| Xylene isomers | ||
|---|---|---|
| General | ||
| Melting point | −47.4 °C (−53.3 °F; 226 K) | 13 °C (55 °F; 286 K) |
| Boiling point | 138.5 °C (281.3 °F; 412 K) | 138 °C (280 °F; 411 K) |
| Viscosity | 0.34 cP at 30 °C (86 °F) |
What is xylene in biology?
Xylene is an organic chemical compound. It is also known as dimethylbenzene or Xylol. It is one of the three isomers of dimethyl benzene. It consists of a central benzene ring attached with two methyl groups as substituents.
Why is xylene used in tissue processing?
The reason xylene works so well for tissue processing is that it makes tissues transparent so that paraffin can fully envelop the tissue. And when preparing slides for microscopy, xylene can remove any remaining wax from slides. In this case it is used as clearing agent.
What functional group is xylene?
The term xylene refers to a group of three benzene derivatives, each of which has two methyl functional groups attached to the benzene ring. The three members of the group are isomers and are called ortho-, meta-, and para-xylene (or o-, m-, and p-xylene).
What is the function of xylene in tissue processing?
Xylene is a chemical commonly used in the histology lab as a clearing agent. Clearing agents are used to make the slides easier to read, by making the tissue transparent, or clear. Clearing is a step that occurs during tissue processing, after water has been removed from a tissue.
What are the effects of xylene?
Exposure to xylene can irritate the eyes, nose, skin, and throat. Xylene can also cause headaches, dizziness, confusion, loss of muscle coordination, and in high doses, death. Workers may be harmed from exposure to xylene. The level of exposure depends upon the dose, duration, and work being done.
What is xylene used for in oil and gas?
Xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon that is widely used in surface pipelines, downhole tubulars, and especially near-wellbore cleaning operations because other means of cleanup, such as heat, dispersants, pigging, or scrapping cannot remove the organic materials (asphaltene or paraffin).
What is the role of xylene used in staining procedure?
In histology, xylene is used to process and stain tissues. The reason xylene works so well for tissue processing is that it makes tissues transparent so that paraffin can fully envelop the tissue. And when preparing slides for microscopy, xylene can remove any remaining wax from slides.
Why does xylene have 3 changes?
Three changes of xylene is usually sufficent for removal of the paraffin. We prepare xylene I − V solutions because we want to remove the paraffin completely. After the xylene III bath, place the section into ethanol to remove the xylene.
Why do we use xylene in histology?
Xylene is a chemical commonly used in the histology lab as a clearing agent. Clearing agents are used to make the slides easier to read, by making the tissue transparent, or clear. Xylene is used because wax is not soluble in water. Alcohol replaces the water in the tissue.
How is the xylene isomerization process carried out?
Xylene isomerization process was developed in VNIINP and it is operated in Novopolotsk with the capacity of 165 thousand tons of para -xylene and 165 thousand tons of ortho -xylene per year. Over silica-alumina catalyst in alternately operated reactors reaction is carried out at temperature of 425-450 °C.
What is the role of xylene in acid catalysis?
Xylene isomerization is a well-known reaction of acid catalysis that is currently used as a model reaction for characterizing the acidity,,, and the porosity,,,, of solid catalysts.
How does the isomerization of arenes take place?
Isomerization reactions of arenes (aromatic hydrocarbons) proceed during implementation of such catalytic processes, as reforming, cracking, and also in isomerization processes of alkylaromatic hydrocarbons. Xylene and ethylbenzene isomerization processes have a great practical importance.
How is the quasi equilibrated mixture of xylenes obtained?
In both types of process, the objective is to obtain the quasi equilibrated mixture of xylenes: approximately 25% para, 50% meta and 25% ortho, whatever the reaction temperature [3], by simultaneously transforming ethylbenzene into valuable products (xylenes or benzene) with a limited loss of xylenes through secondary reactions.