Is NG tube contraindicated in esophageal varices?
Relative contraindications for NG intubation include the following: Coagulation abnormality. Esophageal varices (usually, a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube is introduced, but an NG tube can be used for lower-grade varices) or stricture. Recent banding of esophageal varices.
What is a common cause of esophageal varices?
Causes of esophageal varices include: Severe liver scarring (cirrhosis). A number of liver diseases — including hepatitis infection, alcoholic liver disease, fatty liver disease and a bile duct disorder called primary biliary cirrhosis — can result in cirrhosis. Blood clot (thrombosis).
What are the contraindications for NGT placement?
Contraindications for NG tube:
- Coagulation abnormalities.
- Recent alkaline ingestion (due to risk of oesophageal rupture)
- Oesophageal varices (untreated or recently banded/cauterised)
- Oesophageal strictures.
Can NG tube cause bleeding?
Traumatic injury to the GI mucosa may occur during NG tube insertion and can result in GI bleed, especially in patients with coagulopathy. Prolonged use of NG tube can cause ulcer formation due to continuous irritation and pressure necrosis.
Why is a nasogastric tube inserted during surgery?
By inserting a nasogastric tube, you are gaining access to the stomach and its contents. This enables you to drain gastric contents, decompress the stomach, obtain a specimen of the gastric contents, or introduce a passage into the GI tract. This will allow you to treat gastric immobility, and bowel obstruction.
What is TIP procedure?
TIPS—T-I-P-S—is a procedure that lowers pressure in the portal vein. That’s the vein that moves blood to your liver. The medical name for this procedure is transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt. But most people just call it TIPS.
What causes varices to bleed?
About 50 to 60 out of 100 people who have cirrhosis develop varices in the esophagus. As the blood pressure in the portal vein system continues to increase, the walls of these expanded veins become thinner, causing the veins to rupture and bleed. This is called variceal bleeding.
What are gastric varices?
Gastric varices represent dilated peripheral branches of short gastric and left gastric veins and appear as serpentine, nodular folds in body or fundus or as polypoid filling defects in the fundus.
What are 3 complications of caring for the person with a nasogastric tube?
common complications include sinusitis, sore throat and epistaxis. more serious complications include luminal perforation, pulmonary injury, aspiration, and intracranial placement.
What are 3 common abdominal complications that may require insertion of a NGT for abdominal drainage?
What are the risks of nasogastric intubation?
- abdominal cramping.
- abdominal swelling.
- diarrhea.
- nausea.
- vomiting.
- regurgitation of food or medicine.
Can a feeding tube cause internal bleeding?
The reason for the PEG insertion and the type of tube used does not affect incidence (Pop, 2010). If buried bumper is undetected it can cause complications such as gastric bleeding, perforation of the stomach, peritonitis and even death (Anagnostopoulos et al, 2003).
What causes blood in feeding tube?
Bright red blood coming from tube or around the tube may be caused by: Gastric ulcer/irritation. Erosion of stomach lining from excessive tube movement. External granulation tissue.
Which is the most common cause of esophageal varices?
Any type of serious liver disease can cause esophageal varices. Cirrhosis is the most common type of liver disease, and more than 90% of these patients will develop esophageal varices sometime in their lifetime; about 30% will bleed.
Do you need a liver transplant for esophageal varices?
People with bleeding varices from liver disease may need more treatment for their liver disease, including a liver transplant. Bleeding often comes back with or without treatment. Bleeding esophageal varices are a serious complication of liver disease and have a poor outcome.
When to use variceal ligation for esophageal bleeding?
People who have had an episode of bleeding esophageal varices are at risk for bleeding again. Treatment with variceal ligation is effective in controlling first-time bleeding episodes in about 90% of patients. However, about half of patients treated with variceal ligation will have another episode of bleeding within 1 to 2 years.
What causes bleeding in the veins of the esophagus?
This scarring cuts down on blood flowing through the liver. As a result, more blood flows through the veins of the esophagus. The extra blood flow causes the veins in the esophagus to balloon outward. Heavy bleeding can occur if the veins tear. Any type of long-term (chronic) liver disease can cause esophageal varices.