What does the carotid plexus innervate?
Previous research suggest that the external carotid plexus innervates sweat glands on the lateral side of the forehead, whereas the internal carotid plexus innervates the medial forehead’s sweat glands [15]. The external carotid plexus passes filaments to the carotid body and thyroid glands [7].
What is posterior to carotid sheath?
The carotid artery lies medial to the internal jugular vein, and the vagus nerve is situated posteriorly between the two vessels. In the upper part, the carotid sheath also contains the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), the accessory nerve (XI), and the hypoglossal nerve (XII), which pierce the fascia of the carotid sheath.
What forms the internal carotid plexus?
A sympathetic nerve extending upward from the superior cervical ganglion along the internal carotid artery, forming the internal carotid plexus.
What is superior cervical ganglion?
The SCG is the only ganglion in the sympathetic nervous system that innervates the head and neck. It is the largest and most rostral (superior) of the three cervical ganglia. The SCG innervates many organs, glands and parts of the carotid system in the head.
What does the stellate ganglion innervate?
The stellate ganglion is formed by the fusion of the inferior cervical and superior thoracic sympathetic ganglia and provides most of the sympathetic innervation to the head, neck, upper extremity, and a portion of the upper thorax.
What is a carotid sheath?
The carotid sheath plays an important role in head and neck anatomy and contains several vital structures, including the carotid artery, jugular vein, vagus nerve, and sympathetic plexus. It arises in the base of the neck and terminates at the skull base. It is derived from mesoderm.
What does the carotid sheath consist of?
The carotid sheath is located posterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle and is a part of the deep cervical fascia of the neck. It consists of all three fascial layers of the neck, including the pretracheal fascia, the investing fascia, and the prevertebral fascia.
What does the internal carotid nerve supply?
In human anatomy, they arise from the common carotid arteries, where these bifurcate into the internal and external carotid arteries at cervical vertebral level 3 or 4; the internal carotid artery supplies the brain, including the eyes, while the external carotid nourishes other portions of the head, such as the face.
What is a ganglion nerve?
A ganglion is a collection of neuronal bodies found in the voluntary and autonomic branches of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Ganglia can be thought of as synaptic relay stations between neurons. The information enters the ganglia, excites the neuron in the ganglia and then exits.
What is stellate ganglion made of?
The stellate ganglion is made up of the fused portion of the seventh cervical and first thoracic sympathetic ganglia. The stellate ganglion lies anteromedial to the vertebral artery and is medial to the common carotid artery and jugular vein. It is lateral to the trachea and esophagus.
Where is the plexus of the internal carotid?
The internal carotid plexus ( internal carotid plexus) is situated on the lateral side of the internal carotid artery, and in the plexus there occasionally exists a small gangliform swelling, the carotid ganglion, on the under surface of the artery.
Where is the plexus located in the human body?
It is located on the surface of the posterior pelvic wall, anterior to the piriformis muscle. The plexus is formed by the anterior rami (divisions) of the sacral spinal nerves S1, S2, S3 and S4.
What can cause problems with the lumbosacral plexus?
Problems with lumbosacral plexus can occur due to trauma at the pelvic level that damages the roots or nerves, and can be due to birth defects/trauma or lumbosacral (carcinomatous) neuropathy. Carcinoma of the intestines, bladder, or prostate can invade the lumbosacral plexus.
Where does the sacral plexus begin and end?
Each nerve then divides into anterior and posterior nerve fibres. The sacral plexus begins as the anterior fibres of the spinal nerves S1, S2, S3, and S4. They are joined by the 4th and 5th lumbar roots, which combine to form the lumbosacral trunk.