What does the hospital anxiety and depression scale measure?
Background. The HADS (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) aims to measure symptoms of anxiety (HADS Anxiety) and depression (HADS Depression). The HADS is widely used but has shown ambiguous results both regarding the factor structure and sex differences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms.
What is a normal HADS score?
Recommended cut-off scores according to Zigmond & Snaith [5] are 8–10 for doubtful cases and ≥11 for definite cases. An optimal balance between sensitivity and specificity was found using a cut-off score of 8 or above for both HADS Anxiety and HADS Depression [6].
How is HADS score calculated?
The HADS is a self-report rating scale of 14 items on a 4-point Likert scale (range 0–3). It is designed to measure anxiety and depression (7 items for each subscale). The total score is the sum of the 14 items, and for each subscale the score is the sum of the respective seven items (ranging from 0–21).
Who developed the HADS scale?
The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was developed by Zigmond and Snaith [1] in 1983. Its purpose is to provide clinicians with an acceptable, reliable, valid and easy to use practical tool for identifying and quantifying depression and anxiety.
Is the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale reliable?
Conclusion. The findings from this study are consistent with the analyses conducted with other populations in other countries: the HADS has good reliability and discriminant validity; its bi-dimensional structure allows one score to be calculated for anxiety symptoms and one score for depression symptoms.
What is a PHQ test?
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) is a self-administered version of the PRIME-MD diagnostic instrument for common mental disorders. The PHQ-9 is the depression module, which scores each of the 9 DSM-IV criteria as “0” (not at all) to “3” (nearly every day).
What is a PHQ 9 score?
Interpretation
| PHQ-9 Score | Depression Severity |
|---|---|
| 5 – 9 | Mild |
| 10 – 14 | Moderate |
| 15 – 19 | Moderately Severe |
| 20 – 27 | Severe |
How is HADS administered?
HADS is typically self-administered, however it can be interview administered in person or by telephone for clients who are unable to self-administer the measure. The HADS is not recommended for use with clients with communication problems. The HADS is a short, self-administered screening.
What is hospital phobia?
Nosocomephobia, or the fear of hospitals, is a surprisingly common medical phobia. In fact, U.S. President Richard Nixon was said to have a fear of hospitals, reportedly refusing treatment for a blood clot as he was concerned he would “not get out of the hospital alive.”
How do you rate anxiety?
The following guidelines are recommended for the interpretation of scores: 0–7 for normal or no anxiety, 8–10 for mild anxiety, 11–14 for moderate anxiety, and 12–21 for severe anxiety.
Is HADS reliable and valid?
The findings from this study are consistent with the analyses conducted with other populations in other countries: the HADS has good reliability and discriminant validity; its bi-dimensional structure allows one score to be calculated for anxiety symptoms and one score for depression symptoms.
What is a GAD-7 test?
Topic Overview. This questionnaire—called the GAD-7 screening tool—can help you find out if you might have an anxiety disorder that needs treatment. It calculates how many common symptoms you have and—based on your answers—suggests where you might be on a scale, from mild to severe anxiety.
What is the Hospital Anxiety and depression scale?
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was originally developed by Zigmond and Snaith (1983) and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing. The HADS is a fourteen item scale that generates ordinal data. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression.
How is anxiety scored on the HADS scale?
Scoring the questionnaire. Each item on the questionnaire is scored from 0-3 and this means that a person can score between 0 and 21 for either anxiety or depression. The HADS uses a scale and therefore the data returned from the HADS is ordinal.
What is the sensitivity of the Anxiety Scale?
For anxiety (HADS-A) this gave a specificity of 0.78 and a sensitivity of 0.9. For depression (HADS-D) this gave a specificity of 0.79 and a sensitivity of 0.83. There are a large number of studies that have explored the underlying factor structure of the HADS.
What’s the average score for anxiety and depression?
The items on the questionnaire that relate to anxiety are The items that relate to depression are: Each item on the questionnaire is scored from 0-3 and this means that a person can score between 0 and 21 for either anxiety or depression.