What are some nephrotoxic drugs?
Drugs Associated with Nephrotoxicity
| Drug class/drug(s) | Pathophysiologic mechanism of renal injury |
|---|---|
| Cisplatin (Platinol) | Chronic interstitial nephritis, tubular cell toxicity |
| Interferon-alfa (Intron A) | Glomerulonephritis |
| Methotrexate | Crystal nephropathy |
| Mitomycin-C (Mutamycin) | Thrombotic microangiopathy |
What is drug induced nephrotoxicity?
Nephrotoxicity can be defined as any renal injury caused directly or indirectly by medications, with acute renal failure, tubulopathies, and glomerulopathies as common clinical presentations.
Which antibiotics are nephrotoxic?
The potentially nephrotoxic antibiotics in current clinical use are neomycin, kanamycin, paromomycin, bacitracin, the polymyxins (polymyxin B, and colistin), and amphotericin B.
Which of the following drug has high incidence of renal toxicity?
Drug-induced nephrotoxicity is a common problem in clinical medicine and the incidence of drug-related acute kidney injury (AKI) may be as high as 60 percent (1-4)….Table 1.
| Medication | Drug category | Renal toxicity |
|---|---|---|
| Rifampin | Antimicrobial | Acute interstitial nephritis |
| Ranitidine | Gastrointestinal | Acute interstitial nephritis |
What do nephrotoxic drugs do?
Medications that can damage the kidneys are known as “nephrotoxic medications.” These drugs can cause direct damage to the kidneys. Some of these medications mildly worsen kidney function and others can cause acute kidney injuries.
Which drug is nephrotoxic as well as Ototoxic?
It is well established that many drugs, such as the aminoglycoside antibiotics and the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin, are capable of inducing both nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.
How do nephrotoxic drugs cause Aki?
Direct pathophysiological mechanisms of nephrotoxicity include constriction of intrarenal vessels, acute tubular necrosis, acute interstitial nephritis, and—more infrequently—tubular obstruction. Furthermore, AKI may also be caused indirectly by rhabdomyolysis.
What are the signs and symptoms of nephrotoxicity?
If severe enough, nephrotoxicity can show signs of other types of decreased kidney function, such as decreased urination, swelling from fluid retention and high blood pressure. In some patients, nephrotoxicity can also affect other body systems such as the liver or the skin and show signs in those areas as well.
What are the most common nephrotoxic drugs?
The nephrotoxic effects of cyclosporine, aminoglycoside antibiotics, cisplatin, amphotericin B, beta-lactam antibiotics and indomethacin are reviewed. These drugs were chosen because they are among the most frequent causes of renal injury in children. In addition, their nephrotoxicity is caused by different mechanisms.
What are the most nephrotoxic drugs?
What drugs cause ototoxicity?
Ototoxic medications known to cause permanent damage include certain aminoglycoside antibiotics, such as gentamicin (family history may increase susceptibility), and cancer chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin and carboplatin.
Which antibiotics cause nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity?
The aminoglycoside antibiotic gentamicin can cause both ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity, the severity of which varies with circadian time of daily treatment.