What is magnetic hyperfine interaction?
2.1. Magnetic hyperfine splitting, also known as Zeeman effect, arises from the interaction between the nuclear magnetic dipole moment and the magnetic field at the nucleus. If the change of the orientation of spin is fast relative to the lifetime of the excited nucleus, the paramagnetic hyperfine structure vanishes.
What is the reason of hyperfine splitting?
The hyperfine splitting is due to the interaction of the magnetic moments of the electron and proton, which gives a slightly different magnetic energy for each spin state.
How does nuclear magnetism generate hyperfine splitting?
Hyperfine coupling is caused by the interaction between the magnetic moments arising from the spins of both the nucleus and electrons in atoms. As shown in Figure 1, in a single electron system the electron with its own magnetic moment moves within the magnetic dipole field of the nucleus.
What is the hyperfine effect?
hyperfine structure (HFS), in spectroscopy, the splitting of a spectral line into a number of components. The splitting is caused by nuclear effects and cannot be observed in an ordinary spectroscope without the aid of an optical device called an interferometer.
What is magnetic hyperfine field?
In atoms, hyperfine structure arises from the energy of the nuclear magnetic dipole moment interacting with the magnetic field generated by the electrons and the energy of the nuclear electric quadrupole moment in the electric field gradient due to the distribution of charge within the atom. …
What is the meaning of hyperfine?
: being or relating to a fine-structure multiplet occurring in an atomic spectrum that is due to interaction between electrons and nuclear spin.
What is hyperfine frequency?
By definition, radiation produced by the transition between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium (in the absence of external influences such as the Earth’s magnetic field) has a frequency, ΔνCs, of exactly 9192631770 Hz.
What is hyperfine level of ground state?
It follows that the hyperfine splitting in the ground state of the caesium 133 atom is exactly 9 192 631 770 hertz, (hfs Cs) = 9 192 631 770 Hz. At its 1997 meeting the CIPM affirmed that: This definition refers to a caesium atom at rest at a temperature of 0 K.
What is the cause of Stark effect?
The Stark effect is the shifting and splitting of spectral lines of atoms and molecules due to the presence of an external electric field. It is the electric-field analogue of the Zeeman effect, where a spectral line is split into several components due to the presence of the magnetic field.