What is individual susceptibility in toxicology?
Individual susceptibility or fitness to work have always been of major importance for general participation in the working life. Susceptibility may be defined as the sum of inherited and acquired human qualities and characteristics, and as such no human being is alike.
What is meant by individual susceptibility?
In epidemiology a susceptible individual (sometimes known simply as a susceptible) is a member of a population who is at risk of becoming infected by a disease.
What accounts for individual’s different sensitivity to a given toxin?
Individual variation in susceptibility to chemical toxicity may be due to differences in toxicokinetic patterns or effect modification. Well-documented interspecies genetic differences in susceptibility to chemicals had lead to studies of such variation also within species.
What is a toxicology assessment?
Toxicological Assessment tells us about how much damage to the biology of an organism the aerosol from an RRP may cause compared to cigarette smoke, and if that damage is likely to activate biological mechanisms that may result in the onset of tobacco-related diseases.
What is susceptible infection?
Susceptible Person. A susceptible person is someone who is not vaccinated or otherwise immune, or a person with a weakened immune system who has a way for the germs to enter the body. For an infection to occur, germs must enter a susceptible person’s body and invade tissues, multiply, and cause a reaction.
What is route of exposure?
Similar term(s): route of exposure, exposure pathway. Definition: The way people [or other living organisms] come into contact with a hazardous substance. Three routes of exposure are breathing [inhalation], eating or drinking [ingestion], or contact with the skin [dermal contact].
What makes an individual more susceptible to infection?
Some risk factors arise from outside the individual – for example, poor personal hygiene, or poor control of reservoirs of infection in the environment. Factors such as these increase the exposure of susceptible hosts to infectious agents, which makes the disease more likely to develop.
What factors increase susceptibility to infections?
We all have different susceptibility Multiple innate factors (e.g., age, nutritional status, genetics, immune competency, and pre-existing chronic diseases) and external variables (e.g., concurrent drug therapy) influence the overall susceptibility of a person exposed to a virus.
What is risk toxicology?
Evaluating the potential health risks associated with exposure to leachable impurities, contaminants, or other residues in a medical device or drug product is crucial to patient safety.
What causes individual variation in susceptibility to toxicity?
Individual variation in susceptibility to chemical toxicity may be due to differences in toxicokinetic patterns or effect modification. Well-documented interspecies genetic differences in susceptibility to chemicals had lead to studies of such variation also within species.
What should be kept in mind when talking about toxicology?
When talking about toxicology it is important to keep a few things in mind. Not everyone will respond to substances in exactly the same way. Many factors, including the amount and duration of exposure, an individual’s susceptibility to a substance, and a person’s age, all impact whether a person will develop a disease or not.
Why is toxicology called the science of safety?
Some refer to toxicology as the “Science of Safety” because as a field it has evolved from a science focused on studying poisons and adverse effects of chemical exposures, to a science devoted to studying safety.
How is toxicology used in the 21st century?
Toxicology in the 21st Century. Tox21 is a unique collaboration among four federal agencies, including NTP. This program develops innovative test methods to rapidly evaluate whether substances adversely affect human health.