What is NOD1 and NOD2?
NOD1 and NOD2 are related intracellular sensors of bacterial peptidoglycan and belong to the Nod-like receptor (NLR) family of innate immune proteins that play fundamental and pleiotropic roles in host defense against infection and in the control of inflammation.
What is gene NOD2?
NOD2 (Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2) is a Protein Coding gene. Diseases associated with NOD2 include Blau Syndrome and Inflammatory Bowel Disease 1. Among its related pathways are Activated TLR4 signalling and IL-1 signaling pathway.
What is the function of NOD2?
The NOD2 protein has several critical functions in defending the body against foreign invaders. The protein is involved in recognizing certain bacteria and stimulating the immune system to respond appropriately.
Where is NOD1 located?
NOD1 is widely expressed in many cell types, whereas NOD2 has been found in macrophages (Ogura et al., 2001), dendritic cells (Tada et al., 2005), paneth cells (Ogura et al., 2003), keratinocytes (Voss et al., 2006), epithelial intestinal cells (Hisamatsu et al., 2003), lung epithelial cells (Uehara et al., 2007), oral …
How is NOD2 activated?
NOD2 is able to detect intracellular muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a component of the bacterial wall that is ubiquitously present in bacterial peptidoglycan. Upon activation by ligand, NOD2 mediates innate immune response triggering proinflammatory responses.
What is the adapter molecule in the NOD1 pathway?
The canonical adaptor protein required for the activation of the signaling pathways downstream of NOD1 and NOD2 is the CARD-containing kinase RIPK2, a protein that interacts with NOD1 or NOD2 via homotypic CARD–CARD interactions leading to the activation of NF-κB and MAPKs.
What do Nod receptors detect?
NOD1 recognizes a molecule called meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-DAP) mostly found in Gram-negative bacteria (for example Helicobacter pylori, Pseudomonas aeruginosa). NOD2 proteins can sense intracellular muramyl dipeptide (MDP), typical for bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae or Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
How do Nod proteins work?
Abstract Nods are cytosolic proteins that contain a nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD). These proteins include key regulators of apoptosis and pathogen resistance in mammals and plants. A large number of Nods contain leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), hence referred to as NOD-LRR proteins.
What is the function of the NOD1 gene?
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1 ( NOD1) is a protein receptor that in humans is encoded by the NOD1 gene. It recognizes bacterial molecules and stimulates an immune reaction .
How is NOD1 related to innate and acquired immunity?
NOD1 is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, which is similar in structure to resistant proteins of plants, and mediates innate and acquired immunity by recognizing molecules containing D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid (iE-DAP) moiety, including bacterial peptidoglycan.
What is the structure of the NOD2 receptor?
NOD2 is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, which is similar in structure to resistant proteins of plants and recognizes molecules containing the specific structure called muramyl dipeptide (MDP) that is found in certain bacteria.
What is the function of NOD2 in bacteria?
It recognizes bacterial molecules ( peptidoglycans) and stimulates an immune reaction. NOD2 is an intracellular pattern recognition receptor, which is similar in structure to resistant proteins of plants and recognizes molecules containing the specific structure called muramyl dipeptide (MDP) that is found in certain bacteria.