What protocol does a hub use?
Ethernet hubs and repeaters operate at the Physical Layer and are defined by IEEE 802.3c/d. They are used to connect together one or more Ethernet cable segments of any media type operating at the same speed.
Which protocol is used in data link layer?
The Data Link Layer protocols are Ethernet, token ring, FDDI and PPP. An important characteristic of a Data Link Layer is that datagram can be handled by different link layer protocols on different links in a path. For example, the datagram is handled by Ethernet on the first link, PPP on the second link.
Is hub a link layer device?
A Hub is a networking device that allows one to connect multiple PCs to a single network….Comparison chart.
| Hub | Switch | |
|---|---|---|
| Layer | Physical layer. Hubs are classified as Layer 1 devices per the OSI model. | Data Link Layer. Network switches operate at Layer 2 of the OSI model. |
What layer does a hub work?
The key difference between hubs, switches and bridges is that hubs operate at Layer 1 of the OSI model, while bridges and switches work with MAC addresses at Layer 2. Hubs broadcast incoming traffic on all ports, whereas bridges and switches only route traffic towards their addressed destinations.
Why hub is used in physical layer?
Hubs. A hub is a physical layer networking device which is used to connect multiple devices in a network. They are generally used to connect computers in a LAN. A computer which intends to be connected to the network is plugged in to one of these ports.
What are Layer 2 and Layer 3 protocols?
Generally speaking, Layer 2 is a broadcast Media Access Control (MAC) MAC level network, while Layer 3 is a segmented routing over internet protocol (IP) network. To better understand both layers, let’s dig a little deeper into the OSI model.
What is a link layer protocol?
The data link layer is the protocol layer in a program that handles the moving of data into and out of a physical link in a network. The data link layer is Layer 2 in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) architecture model for a set of telecommunication protocols.
What are the layer 4 protocols?
Some common protocols used in OSI Layer 4 are:
- User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
- UDP Lite.
- Cyclic UDP (CUDP)
- Reliable UDP (RUDP)
- AppleTalk Transaction Protocol (ATP)
- Multipath TCP (MTCP)
- Transaction Control Protocol (TCP)
- Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX)
Why is hub used?
Hub is commonly used to connect segments of a LAN (Local Area Network). A hub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets. Hub acts as a common connection point for devices in a network.
Are hubs still used today?
Hubs are now largely obsolete, having been replaced by network switches except in very old installations or specialized applications. As of 2011, connecting network segments by repeaters or hubs is deprecated by IEEE 802.3.
Why does Data Link Layer 2 use different protocols?
Since the Electronic Encoding of bits in each WAN technology is different, then cables, protocols, and encapsulation will be different. That’s explains why Layer 2 uses different set of protocols for different type of cables when it encapsulate frames. You will rarely see Frame Relay, HDLC, or PPP being used anymore.
What is the data link layer in OSI?
The data link layer or layer 2 is the second layer of the seven-layer OSI model of computer networking. This layer is the protocol layer that transfers data between adjacent network nodes in a wide area network (WAN) or between nodes on the same local area network (LAN) segment.
How are protocols encapsulated at the network layer?
Therefore, we have ONLY 2 Protocols to Encapsulation with at the Network Layer: IPv4 and IPv6, but at the Data Link Layer, there is no logical Addressing system, rather, it is Burned-in Address system such Ethernet MAC Addresses, PPP, HDLC, or Frame Relay Hardware Addressing, hence, each Technology uses different protocol to Frame IP Packets.
How does the Ethernet data link protocol work?
E.g. the Ethernet data link protocol uses a destination address field to identify the correct device that should receive the data (a MAC address is used), and FCS field that allows the receiving device to determine whether the data arrived correctly. HDLC is no exception, it use similar functions.