How does the vacuolar pathway work?
Vacuolar pathway: Movement of water molecules in plant cells via the vacuoles located in the cytoplasm of the cell. Water moves by osmosis across the vacuoles of the cells of the root system. The water moves down a concentration gradient from the soil solution to the xylem.
What is transmembrane pathway?
In the transmembrane pathway, water crosses plasma membranes, entering and exiting each cell. Water moving through the transmembrane pathway thus moves through both the symplast (interconnected cytoplasms) and apoplast (cell walls and spaces in between cells).
What is symplast pathway?
In symplastic pathway, the movement of water is in between the cytoplasm and the vacuoles through the plasma membranes and plasmodesmata and beyond the cortex of plant cells. In this symplastic pathway, water moves from one cell to another cell by osmosis viz.
What is the apoplast pathway in a plant?
The apoplast pathway is where water takes a route going from cell wall to cell wall, not entering the cytoplasm at any point. The symplast pathway is where water moves between cytoplasm/vacuoles of adjacent cells.
Why is the vacuolar route slower than the Symplast?
In the vacuolar pathway, water moves between vacuoles of cells crossing cytoplasms as well. Compared to the vacuolar pathway, the resistance is less in the symplast pathway, and plant cells use this pathway more frequently than the vacuolar pathway.
Do vacuoles break down macromolecules?
Vacuoles contain hydrolytic enzymes for degrading various macromolecules such as proteins, nucleic acids, and many polysaccharides. Structures, such as mitochondria, can be transferred by endocytosis to the vacuole and are digested there.
Is Osmosis a symplastic?
In symplast, the water movement occurs by osmosis. In apoplast, the water movement is rapid. In the symplast, the water movement is slower. The metabolic rate of the cells in the root cortex does not affect the water movement.
What is mass bulk flow system?
Mass flow or bulk flow is the movement of substances in bulk or in masses down a pressure gradient (in plants a pressure gradient is seen due to differences in solute concentration) or temperature gradient. E.g: blood circulation and the transport of water in vascular plants.
What is symplast pathway short answer?
Solution. When water passes across from one living cell to another living cell through plasmodesmata, then it is called the symplast pathway. It is also called the trans-membrane pathway.
What are apoplast and symplast pathways?
The apoplast route is the fully permeable route in which the water movement occurs in passive diffusion. Whereas, the symplast is a selectively permeable route in which the water movement occurs by osmosis.
How water moves through a plant a level?
Water moves up the xylem by capillarity which is the upward movement of a fluid in a narrow bore tube – xylem has very narrow vessels. Capillarity occurs because the water molecules have an attraction for each other (cohesion) so when one water molecule moves others move with it.
What is translocation a level?
Translocation is the movement of dissolved substances, such as sucrose and amino acids, from parts of the plant where the substances are made to other parts of the plant where they’re needed. This maintains a concentration gradient between the source and the sink, so that more sucrose moves into the source.