What is myocardial hyperplasia?
Cardiac hypertrophy is the abnormal enlargement, or thickening, of the heart muscle, resulting from increases in cardiomyocyte size and changes in other heart muscle components, such as extracellular matrix.
Does hyperplasia occur in myocardium?
Introduction. The increase in cardiac muscle mass following myocardial infarction has been attributed to the enlargement of the myocytes. This process, of course, is called hypertrophy. It has been thought that hyperplasia — or division of the remaining myocytes after infarction — did not occur.
Can cardiac cells undergo hyperplasia?
For instance, following myocardial infarction, cardiac myocytes cannot undergo hyperplasia to replace destroyed muscle fibers but residual myocytes enlarge (hypertrophy) in an attempt to replace some of the function of the lost myofibers (Fig. 1-10).
Why do cardiac cells not undergo hyperplasia?
The reason that they cannot undergo hyperplasia is because they do not have reserve stem cells and so new cells cannot be made.
What is hypertrophy?
Hypertrophy is an increase and growth of muscle cells. Hypertrophy refers to an increase in muscular size achieved through exercise. When you work out, if you want to tone or improve muscle definition, lifting weights is the most common way to increase hypertrophy.
What causes myocardial hypertrophy?
The most common cause of LVH is high blood pressure (hypertension). Other causes include athletic hypertrophy (a condition related to exercise), valve disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HOCM), and congenital heart disease.
What is hypertrophy and hyperplasia?
Hypertrophy refers to an increase in the size of the cell while hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells or fibers. A single muscle cell is usually called a fiber.
What is the difference between hypertrophy and hyperplasia?
Hyperplasia refers to the process where cells in an organ or tissue increase in number, so its like hiring a bigger pack of lumberjacks. Hypertrophy is when these cells in an organ or tissue increase in size, like if the lumberjack gets really tough so that she can cut down twice as many trees.
Which is a type of hypertrophy?
There are two types of muscular hypertrophy: myofibrillar: growth of muscle contraction parts. sarcoplasmic: increased muscle glycogen storage.
Do hypertrophy and hyperplasia occur together?
Although hypertrophy and hyperplasia are two distinct processes, they frequently occur together, such as in the case of the hormonally-induced proliferation and enlargement of the cells of the uterus during pregnancy.
What does hyperplasia indicate?
An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue. These cells appear normal under a microscope. They are not cancer, but may become cancer. Enlarge. Normal cells may become cancer cells.
Which is a characteristic of myocardial cell hypertrophy?
Myocardial cell hypertrophy or hyperplasia. Growth of the vertebrate heart during embryonic and fetal life is characterized by hyperplasia of myocardial cells; these cells increase in number to a value characteristic for each species.
What is the difference between hyperplasia and hypertrophy?
The main difference between Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia is that Hypertrophy means to increase in the size of the cell, whereas Hyperplasia means to increase in cell numbers. Hypertrophy mainly occurs in non-dividing cells, such as skeletal and cardiac muscles.
What causes an increase in myocardial cell hyperplasia?
Increased myocardial workloads due to systemic hypertension, chronic hypoxia, or carbon monoxide exposure in fetal or early neonatal life lead to cardiac enlargement by causing an increased rate of hyperplasia of myocardial cells or continuation of hyperplasia beyond the normal period of hyperplastic growth.
When does the growth of myocardial cells occur?
Growth of the vertebrate heart during embryonic and fetal life is characterized by hyperplasia of myocardial cells; these cells increase in number to a value characteristic for each species.