What is the use of neutral red?
Neutral red (toluylene red, Basic Red 5, or C.I. 50040) is a eurhodin dye used for staining in histology. It stains lysosomes red. It is used as a general stain in histology, as a counterstain in combination with other dyes, and for many staining methods.
How does neutral red assay work?
Neutral red cell cytotoxicity assay is one of the common methods used to detect cell viability or drug cytotoxicity. The principle of this assay is based on the detection of viable cells via the uptake of the dye neutral red. Neutral red is a eurhodin dye that stains lysosomes in viable cells.
What Colour is neutral red?
CHEBI:86370 – neutral red
| ChEBI Name | neutral red |
|---|---|
| Definition | A hydrochloride obtained by combining the free base of neutral red with one equivalent of hydrochloric acid. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0. |
| Stars | This entity has been manually annotated by the ChEBI Team. |
What does neutral red bind to?
The neutral red (3-amino-7-dimethyl-amino-2-methylphenazine hydrochloride) is a weak cationic dye that readily penetrates cell membranes by non-ionic diffusion. In intact cells, it binds and accumulates with anionic sites in the lysosome, becomes charged and does not freely pass out into the cytoplasm.
Is neutral red fluorescent?
Neutral red is a lysosomal probe and a biological pH indicator. Immediately after incubation of human skin fibroblasts with neutral red, excitation with 435 nm light produces a fluorescence whose maximum is recorded at 575 nm.
What is the pH of phenol red?
6.2 to 8.2
Phenol red, also known as phenolsulfonphthalein, is a pH indicator dye that exhibits a gradual transition from yellow to red over a pH range of 6.2 to 8.2 (Figure 2). Above 8.2 the dye turns a bright fuchsia color.
What is neutral red retention assay?
The neutral red retention time (NRRT) assay is useful for detecting decreased lysosomal membrane stability in haemocytes sampled from bivalves, a phenomenon often associated with exposure to environmental pollutants including nanomaterials.
What is an LDH assay?
The LDH assay, also known as LDH release assay, is a cell death / cytotoxicity assay used to assess the level of plasma membrane damage in a cell population.
Is neutral red the same as phenol red?
Chambers and Kempton (’33) found that phenol red is actively secreted, while neutral red accumu- lates within the cells and is not passed into the relatively alkaline fluid within the lumen of the tubules.
What is phenol red indicator?
Phenol red, also known as phenolsulfonphthalein, is a pH indicator dye that exhibits a gradual transition from yellow to red over a pH range of 6.2 to 8.2 (Figure 2). Above 8.2 the dye turns a bright fuchsia color. The ratio of these three moieties enables phenol red to be used as a pH indicator dye.
How is neutral red used in neutral red assay?
In the Neutral Red Assay live cells incorporate neutral red into their lysosomes. As cells begin to die, their ability to incorporate neutral red diminishes. Thus, loss of neutral red uptake corresponds to loss of cell viability.
Why is neutral red added to growth media?
Neutral red is added to some growth media for bacterial and cell cultures. It usually is available as a chloride salt. Neutral red acts as a pH indicator, changing from red to yellow between pH 6.8 and 8.0. Winckler, J. Vital staining of lysosomes and other cell organelles of the rat with neutral Red.
What does loss of neutral red uptake mean?
Thus, loss of neutral red uptake corresponds to loss of cell viability. The neutral red is also used to stain cell cultures for plate titration of viruses. Neutral red is added to some growth media for bacterial and cell cultures.
What can neutral red be used for in histology?
Neutral red. It stains lysosomes red. It is used as a general stain in histology, as a counterstain in combination with other dyes, and for many staining methods. Together with Janus Green B, it is used to stain embryonal tissues and supravital staining of blood. Can be used for staining Golgi apparatus in cells and Nissl granules in neurons .