What does CD99 stain for?
Antibodies to CD99 are used in diagnostic immunohistochemistry to distinguish Ewing’s sarcoma from other tumours of similar histological appearance, as well as for the identification of thymic tumours, and of spindle cell tumours, such as synovial sarcoma, haemangiopericytoma, and meningioma.
Is sarcoma a type of cancer?
A sarcoma is a type of cancer that starts in tissues like bone or muscle. Bone and soft tissue sarcomas are the main types of sarcoma. Soft tissue sarcomas can develop in soft tissues like fat, muscle, nerves, fibrous tissues, blood vessels, or deep skin tissues.
Is sarcoma an aggressive cancer?
Some are benign (not cancerous), while others may be highly aggressive. Most often, these tumors grow slowly over many years. Most are not found until they are very large. Fibrosarcoma: Fibrosarcoma was once thought to be one of the most common forms of soft tissue sarcoma.
How serious is sarcoma?
A sarcoma is considered stage IV when it has spread to distant parts of the body. Stage IV sarcomas are rarely curable. But some patients may be cured if the main (primary) tumor and all of the areas of cancer spread (metastases) can be removed by surgery. The best success rate is when it has spread only to the lungs.
How fast do synovial sarcomas grow?
Synovial sarcoma is a representative type of slowly growing highly malignant tumor, and it has been reported that in synovial sarcoma cases, a substantial proportion of patients have an average symptomatic period of 2 to 4 years, though in some rare cases, this period has been reported to be longer than 20 years [4].
When to use CD99 as a biopsy marker?
CD99 (or other immature T cell markers such as TdT and Cd1a) is particularly useful in evaluating mediastinal and other biopsy samples of possible thymic epithelial neoplasms and in the subtyping of these tumors (Am J Surg Pathol 1997;21:936, Diagn Pathol 2007;2:13)
What is the role of CD99 in cell adhesion?
CD99 is a transmembrane protein involved in homotypic cell adhesion, apoptosis, vesicular protein transport, and differentiation of T cells. Debra Jo Bailey SBB, Connie M. Westhoff SBB, PhD, in Transfusion Medicine and Hemostasis (Third Edition), 2019
What is the function of the surface antigen CD99?
CD99 is a 32-kDa cell surface antigen with broad cellular expression whose function remains incompletely understood but believed to be involved in T-cell regulation [65–68].
What’s the difference between CD99 and S-100?
CD99 is positive within the blue cell component, whereas S-100 labels the chondrocytes. Soft gray–tan tumors that are well delineated from the surrounding tissues
What does CD99 positive mean?
Certain types of soft tissue tumor are positive for CD99. CD99 is a membranous protein that is expressed in most cases of Ewing sarcoma (EWS), synovial sarcoma (SS) and low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS), although its involvement in these diseases is unknown.
Are histiocytes vimentin positive?
Lysozyme, vimentin, and CD68 were positive in all cases with histological information.
Which of the following terms refer to a malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin?
A sarcoma is a malignant tumor, a type of cancer that arises from transformed cells of mesenchymal (connective tissue) origin.
What is CD10 a marker for?
CD10 is a sensitive and diagnostically useful immunohistochemical marker of normal endometrial stroma and of endometrial stromal neoplasms.
What does Synaptophysin positive mean?
Thus, synaptophysin is a specific and fairly sensitive marker for neuroendocrine tumors of both low and high grades of malignancy. The NF proteins are good markers for pheochromocytoma, and their presence is of basic tumor biologic interest and of potential diagnostic value in other neuroendocrine neoplasms.
What color does vimentin stain?
Immunofluorescence staining of HeLa Cells with antibody to reveal vimentin containing intermediate filaments in green and antibody to LAMP1 to reveal lysosomes in red. Nuclear DNA is seen in blue….Vimentin.
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What is vimentin stain?
Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein widely expressed in mesenchymal tumors as well as various types of nonmesenchymal tumors. It is also believed to be a marker for epithelial to mesenchymal transition.
Are malignant tumors encapsulated?
Benign tumors are encapsulated and malignant cancers are not encapsulated. Most internal organs are encapsulated (e.g. the kidneys, the liver, etc.
What is a malignant mesenchymal tumor?
Malignant mesenchymoma, which was described by Stout in 1948, is defined as a malignant soft tissue tumor that consists of two or more distinctly different mesenchymal components in addition to fibrosarcomatous elements.
What does CD10 stand for?
CD10: A cell surface enzyme with neutral metalloendopeptidase activity. CD10 is also known as CALLA (common acute lymphocytic leukemia antigen). It serves as a marker for the common form of ALL (acute lymphocytic leukemia) as well as for Burkitt lymphoma and follicular germinal center lymphoma.
What is CD99 expression in acute myeloid leukemia?
High CD99 expression in acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma is associated with improved survival (Haematologica 2020;105:999, Korean J Pathol 2014;48:209)
How is CD99 expressed in es / PNET tumors?
CD99 (MIC2) represents the monoclonal antibody to EWSR1-FLI1 fusion product and is expressed in a membranous pattern. FLI1 and NKX2.2 yield a strong nuclear stain, while vimentin is expressed in nearly all ES/PNET tumors. NSE and synaptophysin are expressed less often. Uncommonly, S100 protein, GFAP, and keratin will also be expressed.
Is the CD99 glycoprotein present in ewing sarcomas?
CD99 is a cell surface glycoprotein (also known as MIC2) that is recognized by the monoclonal antibody O13. Strong, diffuse membranous expression of CD99 is seen in nearly all Ewing sarcomas (Fig. 8.6).7 CD99 expression is unrelated to the gene products of the specific translocations found in Ewing sarcomas.