What is Cobblestoning of the eye?
VKC symptoms include inflammation of the outer membrane of the eye. This causes the eyes to become red and may cause blurred vision. The eyes become sensitive to light and itch intensely. Usually both eyes are affected, and cobblestone-like changes appear in the upper eyelid linings (palpebral conjunctiva).
How common is vernal keratoconjunctivitis?
One survey suggests VKC may have a prevalence rate of 3.2 per 10,000 individuals in Western Europe. Another study involving over 400 affected individuals only in an area of Northern Italy reported that the average incidence independent of gender and age was 1 in 100,000 new cases.
What is Kerato conjunctiva?
Takeaway. Keratoconjunctivitis is a group of inflammatory eye conditions involving the cornea and the conjunctiva. Allergies, viruses, and bacteria are among the causes. Some types are associated with congenital or autoimmune disorders.
What causes cobblestone conjunctiva?
VKC is characterised by a “cobblestone” appearance of the conjunctiva, seen on everting the upper eyelid. It is some- times associated with allergic disorders, includ- ing allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis and asthma.
What are Trantas dots?
Peri-limbal Horner-Trantas dots are focal white limbal dots consisting of degenerated epithelial cells and eosinophils. Limbal disease can result in a limbal stem cell deficiency which can lead to pannus formation with corneal neovascularization. Corneal signs vary according to the severity of the disease process.
Is vernal keratoconjunctivitis curable?
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) generally resolves spontaneously after puberty without any further symptoms or visual complications. However, the development of corneal ulcers (in approximately 9.7% of affected individuals), cataract or glaucoma can potentially cause permanent vision loss.
How is VKC diagnosed?
The clinical management of VKC requires a swift diagnosis, correct therapy, and evaluation of the prognosis. The diagnosis is generally based on the signs and symptoms of the disease, but in difficult cases can be aided by conjunctival scraping, demonstrating the presence of infiltrating eosinophils.
What is meant by Phlyctenular keratitis?
Phlyctenular keratoconjunctivitis is a nodular inflammation of the cornea or conjunctiva that results from a hypersensitivity reaction to a foreign antigen.
What does Cobblestoning of the throat mean?
Cobblestone throat is a term doctors use to describe an irritated throat with visible bumps and lumps at the back. The bumps are caused by enlarged lymphatic tissue in the tonsils and adenoids, which are pockets of tissue in the back of your throat.
Is the bulbar conjunctiva the same as the palpebral?
Usually, the palpebral conjunctiva of the upper eyelid is involved, but the bulbar conjunctiva is sometimes affected. In the palpebral form, square, hard, flattened, closely packed, pale pink to grayish cobblestone papillae are present in the upper tarsal conjunctiva. The uninvolved bulbar conjunctiva is milky white.
What are the features of a cobblestone face?
[1-4] Its features usually include facial tricholemmomas, acral and palmoplantar keratoses, multiple oral papules, and mucosal fibrosis with a cobblestone appearance. Cowden’s disease is also associated with multiple hamartomas of the gastrointestinal tract and cancers of the breast, thyroid, uterus, ovary, lung, skin, and gastrointestinal tract.
What does vernal keratoconjunctivitis look like in the eye?
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Usually, the palpebral conjunctiva of the upper eyelid is involved, but the bulbar conjunctiva is sometimes affected. In the palpebral form, square, hard, flattened, closely packed, pale pink to grayish cobblestone papillae are present in the upper tarsal conjunctiva. The uninvolved bulbar conjunctiva is milky white.
What does the upper tarsal conjunctiva look like?
In the palpebral form, square, hard, flattened, closely packed, pale pink to grayish cobblestone papillae are present in the upper tarsal conjunctiva. The uninvolved bulbar conjunctiva is milky white. In the bulbar (limbal) form, the circumcorneal conjunctiva becomes hypertrophied and grayish.