How are MMPs regulated?
Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity is tightly regulated at four different levels: 1) gene expression, mainly by regulating transcription and mRNA stability, 2) compartmentalisation (as light yellow filled eclipse), which regulates efficiency of proteolysis through cell surface recruitment, substrate availability …
What is the function of TIMP?
Independent of MMP inhibition, TIMPs act as signaling molecules with cytokine-like activities thereby influencing various biological processes including cell growth, apoptosis, differentiation, angiogenesis, and oncogenesis.
How does TIMP inhibit MMP?
These pro-enzymes bind to TIMPs in an interaction between the carboxy-terminal non-inhibitory domain of the TIMP and the carboxy-terminal hemopexin domain of the proMMP. These complexes act as MMP inhibitors because the amino-terminal inhibitory domain of TIMPs is not blocked.
What do MMPs cleave?
MMPs may be described as multifunctional enzymes capable of cleaving the extracellular matrix components (collagens, laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin, aggrecan, enactin, versican, perlecan, tenascin, elastin and many others), growth factors, cytokines and cell surface-associated adhesion and signaling receptors.
Is MMP a protein?
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), also known as matrix metallopeptidases or matrixins, are metalloproteinases that are calcium-dependent zinc-containing endopeptidases; other family members are adamalysins, serralysins, and astacins. The MMPs belong to a larger family of proteases known as the metzincin superfamily.
Is TIMP a cytokine?
These cytokine-like activities of TIMPs include the modulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and angiogenesis [15]. The present review summarizes recent progress in the understanding of TIMP-1’s activity as a cytokine with a focus on signaling pathways mediating its multiple effects in cells.
What makes matrix metalloproteinases?
What is the function of the molecule TIMP1?
Function. TIMP1 is an inhibitory molecule that regulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and disintegrin-metalloproteinases (ADAMs and ADAMTSs). In regulating MMPs, TIMP1 plays a crucial role in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, wound healing, and pregnancy. The dysregulated activity of TIMP1 has been implicated in cancer.
What is the role of TIMP1 in the ECM?
TIMP1 is an inhibitory molecule that regulates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and disintegrin-metalloproteinases (ADAMs and ADAMTSs). In regulating MMPs, TIMP1 plays a crucial role in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, wound healing, and pregnancy. The dysregulated activity of TIMP1 has been implicated in cancer.
How does TIMP1 play a role in wound healing?
In regulating MMPs, TIMP1 plays a crucial role in extracellular matrix (ECM) composition, wound healing, and pregnancy. The dysregulated activity of TIMP1 has been implicated in cancer. In pregnancy, TIMP1 plays a regulatory role in the process of implantation, particularly the cytotrophoblast invasion of the uterine endometrium.
Which is a potential therapeutic target for TIMP1?
Circulating Tumor Cells Characterization Revealed TIMP1 as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Ovarian Cancer. TIMP1 intron 3 retention is a marker of colon cancer progression controlled by hnRNPA1. Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Endometrium: High Levels in Endometriotic Lesions.