What is the cornering stiffness?
The proportionality constant Cα is known as the cornering stiffness, and is defined as the slope of the curve for Fy versus α at α = 0. For a given tyre, the load and inflation pressure are the main factors affecting the cornering stiffness. Speed does not strongly influence the cornering forces produced by a tyre.
How do you measure a stiff tire?
Non-rolling vertical stiffness was determined with two methods. One method measured the rate of decay of free oscillation by dropping the tire from a known height and regressing the vertical position versus time data. The second method used the equilibrium load-deflection data from each free vibration test.
What is cornering effect?
Cornering force is generated by tire slip and is proportional to slip angle at low slip angles. Although the term, “tread element” is used, the compliance in the tire that leads to this effect is actually a combination of sidewall deflection and deflection of the rubber within the contact patch.
How is pneumatic trail calculated?
1) that the true ‘pneumatic’ scrub radius is the distance between the steer axis and the contact patch area centroid. 2) that the pneumatic trail is ~50% of the distance from the tyre centre to the edge of the contact patch, at the centroid location (Milliken Fig 2.5).
What happens during cornering?
The cornering force counters the centrifugal force, giving the tyres the power to grip the road through the turn. You will notice that tyres change shape when cornering. This distortion of the tread blocks happens when the steering angle generates the right amount of front and rear lateral force.
Is cornering stiffness constant?
… At cornering, lateral force and slip angle are generated in the tire, and the cornering stiffness is expressed as the ratio of these two, which is constant up to a certain point.
What is stiffness of tire?
Different tires have different properties, and one of them is the longitudinal stiffness of the tire. Tire stiffness can be ex- plained by modelling the tire as small thread compounds. The forces that act on the thread compounds are divided by slip and this is defined as tire stiffness.
How do you measure cornering?
When testing vehicles, most car magazines measure cornering capability by driving a vehicle around a skid pad, which is a circle with a known radius. The driver will increase the vehicle’s speed until they cannot keep the vehicle centered on the radius.
What is cornering in bike?
The simple fact is that whatever instructors call it, the technique of putting pressure on the inside bar (and pulling on the outside one) makes the bike turn into a corner. To steer right, you need to gently push forward on the right handlebar (to steer left, push left).
What is mechanical trail?
Mechanical Trail (or Real Trail) refers to the length of the lever that, when combined with the contact patch, produces a self righting effect on the bicycle or motorcycle. The longer the lever, the more the is held true to the geometry of the cycle and influenced less by ground conditions.