What is SMR and ATR?
The main difference between SMR and ATR is that SMR only uses air for combustion as a heat source to create steam, while ATR uses purified oxygen. The advantage of ATR is that the H2:CO can be varied, which can be useful for producing specialty products.
What is Autothermal?
: of, relating to, or being a reaction that creates synthesis gas using only the heat produced by the reaction itself One of the major advantages of thermophilic digestion (anaerobic and aerobic) is the ability to operate the digester under autothermal conditions.
How does an autothermal reformer work?
Autothermal reforming (ATR) uses oxygen and carbon dioxide or steam in a reaction with methane to form synthesis. The reaction takes place in a single chamber where the methane is partially oxidized. The reaction is exothermic due to the oxidation.
What is Autothermal process?
Autothermal Reforming (ATR) is a process for producing syngas, composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, by partially oxidizing a hydrocarbon feed with oxygen and steam and subsequent catalytic reforming.
What is autothermal reforming of methane?
How is Ch 4 produced in autothermal reforming?
Autothermal reforming (ATR) is a combination of SR and POR (both reactions manifest themselves in one compact reactor). The ATR reactor vessel contains a combustion zone and a set catalyst bed among a refractory-lined pressure shell. In ATR, H2 or H 2 -enriched gas is injected along with steam to produce CH 4.
What is the ratio of CO 2 to co 2 in autothermal reforming?
When the autothermal reformer uses carbon dioxide, the H 2 :CO ratio produced is 1:1; when the autothermal reformer uses steam, the H 2 :CO ratio produced is 2.5:1. The reactions can be described in the following equations, using CO 2: 2CH 4 + O 2 + CO 2 → 3H 2 + 3CO + H 2 O + heat
What is the pressure of steam in autothermal reforming?
In ATR, H2 or H 2 -enriched gas is injected along with steam to produce CH 4. ATR is generally operated between temperatures of 950–1050°C, a pressure of 30–50 bar, a steam-to-carbon molar ratio (S/C ratio) of 0.5–1.5, and an oxygen-to-carbon molar ratio (O/C ratio) of 0.6–1.0 [71–73]. View chapter Purchase book
How does autothermal reforming ( ATR ) produce syngas?
Autothermal Reforming (ATR) is a process for producing syngas, composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, by partially oxidizing a hydrocarbon feed with oxygen and steam and subsequent catalytic reforming. Depending on customers’ needs (mainly syngas composition or plant capacity),…