What are the complications of the diabetes towards mother and fetus?
The risk of stillbirth goes up in women with poor blood glucose control and with blood vessel changes. Birth defects. Birth defects are more likely in babies of diabetic mothers. Some birth defects are serious enough to cause stillbirth.
Which of the following are common problems of infants with diabetic mothers?
The following problems may happen to your baby after he or she is born:
- Large size (macrosomia).
- Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)
- Low blood calcium.
- Low blood iron.
- High levels of red blood cells and thickened blood.
- High levels of bilirubin from the breakdown of red blood cells.
- Birth defects.
- Premature birth.
What fetal conditions are maternal diabetes?
Diabetic embryopathy can affect any developing organ system, including the central nervous system (CNS) (anencephaly, spina bifida, microcephaly, and holoprosencephaly), skeletal system (caudal regression syndrome, sacral agenesis, and limb defects), renal system (renal agenesis, hydronephrosis, and ureteric …
Why do babies of diabetic mothers have hypoglycemia?
An IDM is more likely to have periods of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) shortly after birth, and during first few days of life. This is because the baby has been used to getting more sugar than needed from the mother. They have a higher insulin level than needed after birth. Insulin lowers the blood sugar.
Is gestational diabetes high risk pregnancy?
Women who develop diabetes during pregnancy, known as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), may need high-risk pregnancy care due to complications that can arise during pregnancy and childbirth. Women with GDM have an increased risk of preeclampsia, a condition that leads to pregnancy-induced high blood pressure.
What birth defects are caused by diabetes?
Among the defects in children born to women with diabetes are heart problems, brain and spinal defects, oral clefts, kidney and gastrointestinal tract defects, and limb deficiencies. Diabetes diagnosed before pregnancy was linked with about 50% of the birth defect categories analyzed.
What makes you high risk for gestational diabetes?
You may be more likely than other women to develop gestational diabetes if: You’re older than 25. You’re overweight or obese and not physically active. You had gestational diabetes or a baby with macrosomia in a past pregnancy.
What are the risks of having a diabetic mother?
Compared to a mother with normal blood glucose level, a mother with diabetes before pregnancy has 4 to 8 times higher risk of major fetal anomalies. According to studies, the defects mostly involve the brain and spinal cord, followed by heart, genitourinary system and limb defects.
How does diabetes affect the baby during pregnancy?
There are two forms of diabetes during pregnancy: If diabetes is not well controlled during pregnancy, the baby is exposed to high blood sugar levels. This can affect the baby and mother during pregnancy, at the time of birth, and after birth. Infants of diabetic mothers (IDM) are often larger than other babies. This makes vaginal birth harder.
Can a diabetic monitor the fetus during pregnancy?
Intrapartum CTG monitoring is recommended in most circumstances, except for diet-controlled GDM with an unremarkable antenatal course. Ultrasound has emerged as the other modality to assess and monitor the fetus in diabetic pregnancies.
Is it safe to have a X-ray scan during pregnancy?
“Women should be counseled that x-ray exposure from a single diagnostic procedure does not result in harmful fetal effects. Specifically, exposure to less than 5 rad has not been associated with an increase in fetal anomalies or pregnancy loss.”— American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists7.