What is the basic pathophysiology of Graves disease?
Graves’ disease, one of the autoimmune thyroid diseases, is caused by the production of IgG autoantibodies directed against the thyrotropin receptor. These antibodies bind to and activate the receptor, causing the autonomous production of thyroid hormones.
What is the mechanism of Graves disease?
Hyperthyroidism is the most common feature of Graves’ disease, affecting nearly all patients, and is caused by autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor (TRAb) that activate the receptor, thereby stimulating thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion as well as thyroid growth (causing a diffuse goiter).
What is the pathophysiology of hyperthyroidism?
Pathophysiology of Hyperthyroidism In hyperthyroidism, serum T3 usually increases more than does T4, probably because of increased secretion of T3 as well as conversion of T4 to T3 in peripheral tissues. In some patients, only T3 is elevated (T3 toxicosis).
What is the main cause of Graves disease?
Causes of Graves’ Disease Normally, the thyroid gets its production orders through another chemical called thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), released by the pituitary gland in the brain. But in Graves’ disease, a malfunction in the body’s immune system releases abnormal antibodies that act like TSH.
What is a pathophysiology of a disease?
: the physiology of abnormal states specifically : the functional changes that accompany a particular syndrome or disease.
What hormone causes Graves disease?
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid gland. The gland produces too much thyroid hormone, a condition known as hyperthyroidism.
What is Graves disease and how does it affect you?
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disease that damages the thyroid gland. Graves’ disease affects more women than men. It is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid gland). Symptoms of Graves’ disease may include bulging eyes, weight loss, and a fast metabolism.
What are the causes of cretinism?
Primary Cretinism may be caused by:
- Congenital causes: Thyroid dysgenesis. Thyroid dyshormonogenesis. Ectopic thyroid gland.
- Acquired causes: Autoimmune diseases. Antibodies pass placenta cause hypothyroidism. Antithyroid medications usage that can cross the placenta. Iodine deficiency. Inability to uptake iodide.
What is the pathophysiology of a goiter?
A deficiency in thyroid hormone synthesis or intake leads to increased TSH production. Increased TSH causes increased cellularity and hyperplasia of the thyroid gland in an attempt to normalize thyroid hormone levels. If this process is sustained, a goiter is established.
What happens when thyroid is low?
Hypothyroidism is a common condition where the thyroid doesn’t create and release enough thyroid hormone into your bloodstream. This makes your metabolism slow down. Also called underactive thyroid, hypothyroidism can make you feel tired, gain weight and be unable to tolerate cold temperatures.
What causes a thyroid storm?
Thyroid storm occurs due to a major stress such as trauma, heart attack, or infection in people with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism. In rare cases, thyroid storm can be caused by treatment of hyperthyroidism with radioactive iodine therapy for Graves disease.
What is an example of a pathophysiology?
Pathophysiology: Deranged function in an individual or an organ due to a disease. For example, a pathophysiologic alteration is a change in function as distinguished from a structural defect.
What are the early signs of Graves disease?
The early symptoms of Graves’ disease include: Weight loss (despite increased appetite) Anxiety, irritability, difficulty sleeping (insomnia) Heat intolerance, sweating. Shortness of breath, difficulty breathing.
What is the prognosis of Graves disease?
Prognosis for Graves Disease: If left untreated, Graves’ disease can be fatal. In most cases, however, normal health can be restored. Onset of Graves Disease: Graves’s disease is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism . Incidence in women reports a rate of 80 cases per 100,000 women per year.
What is Graves’ disease and what causes it?
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism. The condition occurs when your immune system makes an antibody known as thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI). TSI causes the thyroid gland (located at the base of your throat) to produce too much of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).
What are the symptoms of untreated Graves disease?
Symptoms of Graves’ disease may include bulging eyes, weight loss, and a fast metabolism. Hyperthyroidism due to Graves’ disease is treatable with medicine. But if left untreated, Graves’ disease can cause osteoporosis, heart problems, and problems getting pregnant and during pregnancy.