How do bisphosphonates inhibit osteoclast activity?
Bisphosphonates also reduce osteoclast activity by decreasing osteoclast progenitor development and recruitment and by promoting osteoclast apoptosis [6]. In addition to their inhibitory effect on osteoclasts, bisphosphonates appear to have a beneficial effect on osteoblasts.
What are bio phosphonates?
Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs that prevent the loss of bone density, used to treat osteoporosis and similar diseases. They are the most commonly prescribed drugs used to treat osteoporosis. They are called bisphosphonates because they have two phosphonate (PO(OH) 2.
Why are bisphosphonates used in multiple myeloma?
Background: Bisphosphonates are specific inhibitors of osteoclastic activity and are used in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM). While bisphosphonates are shown to be effective in reducing vertebral fractures and pain, their role in improving overall survival (OS) remains unclear.
What should be the duration of bisphosphonate therapy in patients receiving first line anti myeloma?
During initial treatment, patients should receive intravenous bisphosphonates every 3 to 4 weeks. Patients with active disease should continue receiving zoledronic acid or pamidronate.
When are bisphosphonates contraindicated?
Avoid oral bisphosphonates in patients with esophageal disorders such as achalasia, esophageal stricture, esophageal varices, Barrett’s esophagus, inability to stand or sit upright for at least 30 minutes, history of bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass).
Why are bisphosphonates contraindicated in renal failure?
Bisphosphonates, which are excreted via the kidneys, may accumulate in patients with diminished renal function, and toxicity may occur. There have been several reports of acute renal toxicity following bisphosphonate treatment.
What is BRONJ?
Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is an area of uncovered bone in the maxillo-facial region that did not heal within 8 weeks after identification by health care provider, in a patient who was receiving or had been exposed to Bisphosphonate Therapy (BPT) without previous radiation therapy to the …
What is the most common side effect of bisphosphonate?
The most common side effects of bisphosphonates are stomach irritation and heartburn, but these problems are often avoided by taking the medication correctly. Other common side effects include: Bone or joint pain, or generalized pain. Muscle cramps or aches.
What does Zometa do for myeloma?
Patients with multiple myeloma have increased numbers of abnormal plasma cells that may produce increased quantities of dysfunctional antibodies detectable in the blood and/or urine. Zometa is a bisphosphonate drug that is commonly used to reduce the risk of bone complications from bone metastases or multiple myeloma.
What are the side effects of Zometa?
Common side effects of Zometa include:
- dizziness,
- headache, or.
- flu-like symptoms (such as fever, chills, muscle/joint aches),
- cough,
- vision problems,
- diarrhea,
- constipation,
- tired feeling,
What are contraindications to bisphosphonates?
Contraindications to bisphosphonates include: History of hypersensitivity to the bisphosphonate. Hypocalcemia. Chronic kidney disease with a glomerular filtration rate of less than 30 to 35 mL/min.
What are the two main adverse effects of bisphosphonates?
General side effects of bisphosphonates and denosumab
- Fever and flu-like symptoms.
- Low levels of calcium in your blood (hypocalcaemia)
- Bone and joint pain.
- Changes in bowel movements.
- Tiredness and low energy levels.
- Feeling sick.
- Changes to your kidneys.
- Irritation of the food pipe (oesophagus)