What does Blue Dot sign indicate?
When the appendix testis undergoes torsion, a hard, tender nodule may be palpable on the upper pole of the testicle, and a blue discoloration referred to as the “blue dot sign” may be visible in this area.
Is Blue Dot sign present in testicular torsion?
The “blue dot sign” is a classic physical exam finding unique to testicular appendix torsion. However, it is often absent in the setting of testicular appendix torsion and can be falsely positive in cases of true testicular torsion.
What is a positive Prehn’s sign?
A positive Prehn’s sign indicates relief of pain upon elevation of the scrotum and is associated with epididymitis. Epididymitis can be caused by bacterial infection of the epididymis and can usually be treated with a course of antibiotics.
What finding is indicative of testicular torsion?
Testicular torsion is a clinical diagnosis, and patients typically present with severe acute unilateral scrotal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Physical examination may reveal a high-riding testicle with an absent cremasteric reflex.
What is an appendix testis?
The appendix testis is a small appendage of normal tissue that is usually located on the upper portion of the testis. The appendix epididymis is a small appendage on the top of the epididymis (a tube-shaped structure connected to the testicle). Torsion of an appendage occurs when this tissue twists.
What causes torsion of the appendix testis?
What causes testicular appendage torsion? Torsion can happen at any time. It’s most likely to happen during sleep. When the appendage gets twisted, it cuts off its own blood supply.
How common is appendix testis torsion?
Torsion of the appendix testis is a twisting of a vestigial appendage that is located along the testicle. This appendage has no function, yet more than half of all boys are born with one. Although this condition poses no threat to health, it can be painful.
What does the appendix of the testis feel like?
Symptoms of testicular appendage torsion Swelling and redness of the scrotum. Scrotum that’s sore to the touch. A hard lump at the top of the scrotum. A blue dot at the top of the scrotum.
Is Prehn’s sign positive in torsion?
Another way to differentiate between epididymitis and torsion on physical examination is checking for the cremaster reflex which is absent in the case of torsion. Positive Prehn’s sign indicates there is pain relief with lifting the affected testicle, which points towards epididymitis.
What diagnosis is the blue dot sign associated with?
Torsion of the appendix testis is more common in children than testicular torsion and may be diagnosed by the “blue dot sign” (i.e., tender nodule with blue discoloration on the upper pole of the testis).
How do you check for testicular torsion?
Doctors often diagnose testicular torsion with a physical exam of the scrotum, testicles, abdomen and groin. Your doctor might also test your reflexes by lightly rubbing or pinching the inside of your thigh on the affected side. Normally, this causes the testicle to contract.
What causes appendix testis?
What causes testicular appendage torsion? Appendage torsion can happen at any time. It’s most likely to happen during sleep and is more likely in preteen boys. When the appendage gets twisted, it cuts off its own blood supply.
What causes a blue dot on the side of the appendix?
The blue to purple discoloration seen in the picture on the left is caused by a torsed and ischemic appendix testis or appendix epididymis. The blue dot sign is most easily visible within the first few hours following the torsion and it is more easily seen in fair skinned boys. Torsion of an appendix testis or epididymis occurs when the
How to tell if a boy has torsion of the appendix?
Most boys with torsion of an appendix testis or appendix epididymiswill not show the blue dot sign. In many cases it may be impossibleto distinguish between torsion of an appendix and torsionof the testis, a condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatmentin order to save the testis.
Which is the most accurate sign of testicular torsion?
Testicular Torsion. The finding of an ipsilateral absent cremasteric reflex is the most accurate sign of testicular torsion. Torsion of the appendix testis is more common in children than testicular torsion and may be diagnosed by the “blue dot sign” (i.e., tender nodule with blue discoloration on the upper pole of the testis).
What does the blue dot on the scrotum mean?
The patient suffers from an acute scrotum syndrome, but present gradual and less sharp pain than torsion of testis, which is a sudden intense pain. The pain is often localized in the upper testis pole and in approximately one-third patients, a nodule of the upper scrotum with bluish skin discoloration (blue dot sign) is palpated, as in our patient.