How many isoenzymes does ALP have?
four isozymes
Alkaline phosphatase is divided into four isozymes depending upon the site of tissue expression that are Intestinal ALP, Placental ALP, Germ cell ALP and tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase or liver/bone/kidney (L/B/K) ALP.
When is an ALP isoenzyme test necessary?
When the ALP test result is high, you may need to have the ALP isoenzyme test. This test will help determine what part of the body is causing higher ALP levels. This test may be used to diagnose or monitor: Bone disease.
What is alkaline phosphatase bone isoenzyme raised?
Bone specific alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme is elevated as a result of increased osteoblastic activity. The highest total ALP values have been attributed to an increased bone isoenzyme level due to Paget disease or rickets/osteomalasia.
What causes high liver isoenzyme?
Various liver diseases (primary or secondary cancer, biliary obstruction) increase the liver isoenzyme. Liver 1 (L1) is increased in some nonmalignant diseases (such as cholestasis, cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, and in various biliary and hepatic pathologies).
What do you mean by isoenzyme?
Isoenzymes (or isozymes) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but have different enzyme forms and catalytic efficiencies. Isozymes are usually distinguished by their electrophoretic mobilities.
What is isoenzyme with example?
Isozymes (also known as isoenzymes) are enzymes that differ in amino acid sequence but catalyze the same chemical reaction. The existence of isozymes permits the fine-tuning of metabolism to meet the particular needs of a given tissue or developmental stage (for example lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)). …
What is ALP isoenzyme test?
Takeaway. The ALP bone isoenzyme test is a blood test that measures the levels of ALP-2 in your bones. The test can detect abnormal levels of bone growth that may indicate a bone disease or another serious condition such as leukemia or hyperparathyroidism.
What is intestinal isoenzyme?
Definition. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is an enzyme found in many body tissues such as liver, bile ducts, bone, and intestine. There are several different forms of ALP called isoenzymes. The structure of the enzyme depends on where in the body it is produced.
What kind of bone disorder causes high alkaline phosphatase?
Bone pathology causes of elevated alkaline phosphatase include Paget’s disease, hyperparathyroidism, osteomalacia, metastatic bone disease and a recent fracture.
Should I be worried if my GGT is high?
An elevated GGT level suggests that a condition or disease is damaging the liver but does not indicate specifically the cause of the damage. In general, the higher the level, the greater the damage to the liver.
What is an example of isoenzyme?
An example of an isozyme is glucokinase, a variant of hexokinase which is not inhibited by glucose 6-phosphate. Both these processes must only occur when glucose is abundant.
What is isoenzyme and coenzyme?
is that isoenzyme is (enzyme) any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but have different structures and physical, biochemical and immunological properties while coenzyme is (biochemistry) any small molecule that is necessary for the functioning of an enzyme.
What medications can make alkaline phosphatase high?
Many common over-the-counter and prescription drugs can elevate alkaline phosphatase levels. For example, hypertension drugs such as propanolol or verapamil or gout treatments such as allopurinol can raise levels.
What does elevated ALP mean?
As ALP is most abundant in the bones and liver, elevated ALP levels are generally a sign of a liver or bone condition. An obstruction of the liver or damage to it will cause ALP levels to rise. This will also occur if there is an increase in bone cell activity.
What is normal level of alkaline phosphatase?
Normal Values. The normal value for alkaline phosphatase is 53 to 128 U/L for a 20- to 50-year-old man and 42 to 98 U/L for a 20- to 50-year-old woman. Pregnant women typically have higher alkaline phosphatase values due to contributions from the placenta.
What makes alkaline phosphatase high?
Osteoblastic or bone conditions like bone diseases and bone cancers lead to high levels of alkaline phosphatase. During bone growth, the activity of osteoclasts are increased, which elevates the ALP levels. When the activity of osteoclasts are increased, the rate of bone breakdown also increases.