What does Aeromonas hydrophila look like?

What does Aeromonas hydrophila look like?

Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria are Gram-negative, straight rods with rounded ends (bacilli to coccibacilli shape) usually from 0.3 to 1.0 μm in width and 1.0 to 3.0 μm in length. They can grow at temperatures as low as 4 °C. These bacteria are motile by a polar flagellum.

What is the shape of Aeromonas hydrophila?

Aeromonas hydrophila is a Gram-negative, short rod-shaped, has polar flagella and is motile [3]. The disease attack from the bacteria often called Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS), is a severe disease that can attack all types of freshwater fish in the tropics.

What is hydrophila infection?

Aeromonas hydrophila is considered to be an opportunistic pathogen. Immunocompromised hosts are susceptible to this organism and pre-existing medical conditions or underlying diseases are commonly recognized. Additionally, healthy individuals can also become infected with this organism.

How do you identify Aeromonas hydrophila?

Approach to Identification: Aeromonas species are facultative anaerobes that are oxidase and catalase positive. This test must be performed on media without a fermentable sugar (ie MacConkey agar), because the fermentation process results in acidification of the medium and a false-negative result may result.

Is Aeromonas hydrophila normal flora?

Aeromonas has been isolated from healthy persons as well and has therefore been thought to be part of the normal flora. Despite initial studies that yielded conflicting results,217 it is now generally accepted that A. hydrophila is an enteric pathogen.

What does Aeromonas hydrophila do?

Aeromonas hydrophila is a motile, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium in the family Vibrionaceae. It causes a broad spectrum of infections (septicaemia, meningitis, endocarditis) in humans, often in immunocompromised hosts, and Aeromonas spp. have been associated epidemiologically with travellers diarrhoea.

Where is Aeromonas hydrophila found?

Aeromonas spp. are commonly found in ground water; drinking water at treatment plants, distribution systems, and reservoirs; and in clean and polluted lakes and rivers 1. The bacteria are found in about 1% – 27 % of drinking water 11 Aeromonas hydrophila can be found in fresh produce, meat, and dairy products.

What are the symptoms of Aeromonas?

Aeromonas enteric infection may range from, most commonly, an acute watery diarrhea to dysenteric illness. Symptoms may include abdominal cramps (70%), nausea (40%), vomiting (40%) and fever (40%). Infection is usually self-limiting and children may be rarely hospitalized because of dehydration.

How is Aeromonas hydrophila transmitted?

MODE OF TRANSMISSION: Infection is spread via fecal-oral transmission during direct ingestion or drinking of contaminated water or foods 1, 11, 14. Infection can also be transmitted by eating contaminated meat, dairy, shrimp, or fish 1.

How long does Aeromonas last?

Typical illness consists of watery diarrhea and cramps; sometimes, fever, bloody stools, and emesis occur and last for 3 to 42 days. Diagnosis is not usually made by clinical microbiology laboratory testing because, as with Aeromonas, coliforms can be confused with P. shigelloides unless an oxidase test is performed.

What kind of water does Aeromonas hydrophila live in?

Aeromonas hydrophila colonies on the blood agar. Aeromonas hydrophila is a heterotrophic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium mainly found in areas with a warm climate. This bacterium can be found in fresh or brackish water.

What are the symptoms of Aeromonas hydrophila infection?

Mild symptoms include fever and chills, but patients who become overwhelming bacterial infection with Aeromonas hydrophila often exhibit abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea [1, 23]. The other type of disease is dysenteric gastroenteritis that causes loose stools filled with blood and mucus.

What kind of enterotoxin is Aeromonas hydrophila?

Recently, a cytotoxic enterotoxin (Act), a heat- unstable cytotonic enterotoxin (Alt), and a heat- stable cytotonic enterotoxin (Ast) has been characterized from a diarrheal isolated of Aeromonas hydrophila. The Act is a single- chain polypeptide that is one of the primary genes to make this species pathogenic.

What kind of organism is hydrophila sensu stricto?

Cellular organism; Bacteria; Proteobacteria; Gammaproteobacteria; Aeromonadales; Aeromonadaceae; Aeromonas. Aeromonas hydrophila is a complex of three species including A.hydrophila sensu stricto, A.bestiarum, and A. salmonicida.