What does urothelial dysplasia mean?
Urothelial dysplasia is the putative precursor of urothelial carcinoma in situ (CIS) and invasive urothelial carcinoma of the urinary tract. Urothelial dysplasia is frequently identified in patients with urothelial CIS and cancer.
Is urothelial cancer the same as bladder cancer?
Urothelial carcinoma, also known as transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), is by far the most common type of bladder cancer. In fact, if you have bladder cancer it’s almost certain to be a urothelial carcinoma. These cancers start in the urothelial cells that line the inside of the bladder.
Where is urothelial located?
The bladder is a hollow muscular organ in your lower abdomen that stores urine. Bladder cancer most often begins in the cells (urothelial cells) that line the inside of your bladder. Urothelial cells are also found in your kidneys and the tubes (ureters) that connect the kidneys to the bladder.
What is urothelial hyperplasia?
Definition: Urothelial hyperplasia is thickened urothelium (has an increased number of layers), without structural or cytologic atypia. Urothelial hyperplasia (flat urothelial hyperplasia) refers to the layer of urothelium above the basement membrane – not within the lamina propria.
What is high-grade urothelial carcinoma?
Low-grade tumors look more like normal cells and tend to grow slowly. High-grade cancer cells look more abnormal and can grow quickly. Based on these categories, papillary tumors of the bladder are divided into four types: Papilloma: This is a noncancerous tumor growing out of the bladder lining.
What is meant by urothelial carcinoma?
(YOOR-oh-THEE-lee-ul KAN-ser) Cancer that begins in cells called urothelial cells that line the urethra, bladder, ureters, renal pelvis, and some other organs. Urothelial cells are also called transitional cells. These cells can change shape and stretch without breaking apart. Also called transitional cell cancer.
Can urothelial cells be benign?
Tumors usually originate from the urothelium of the urinary bladder. When benign, they may be urothelial papillomas or inverted papillomas, and when malignant they may be urothelial carcinomas with or without invasion of the bladder wall.
Is urothelial cancer aggressive?
Muscle-invasive urothelial carcinomas are highly aggressive compared to cancers of the upper urinary tract, carrying a five-year disease-specific survival rate of <50% in pT2/pT3 disease, and this survival rate drops below 10% in pT4 cancer.
What is a urothelial tumor?
What are benign urothelial cells?
How is CIS related to urothelial dysplasia?
Urothelial dysplasia and carcinoma in situ (CIS) are related to recurrence and progression of urothelial carcinoma. Distinguishing CIS and dysplasia from reactive atypia is often difficult on the basis of histological features alone. Cytokeratin 20 (CK20), p53, and Ki-67 are related either to neopla …
What does low grade urothelial dysplasia mean?
Urothelial dysplasia, also low-grade (urothelial) dysplasia, is a lesion of the urothelium in the ISUP/WHO 2004 classification.
What is the ISUP / who classification of flat urothelial lesions?
The ISUP /WHO classification of flat urothelial lesions is: Reactive urothelial atypia. Flat urothelial hyperplasia. Urothelial atypia of unknown significance. Urothelial dysplasia (low-grade dysplasia).
How many cells do you need to diagnose urothelial carcinoma?
Cytologic diagnosis of high grade urothelial carcinoma requires > 10 cells with high N/C ratio, irregular chromatin pattern and hyperchromatic nuclei (Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:207)