What is the function of menaquinone?
Vitamin K2 (Menaquinone, MK), which is an essential cofactor for carbamylating glutamate residues of vitamin K dependent proteins in humans, has the function for blood coagulation and could be used for regulating tissue calcification [172], keeping the health of bone health [173] and nervous system [174], and …
Is menaquinone a coenzyme?
The benzoquinone ubiquinone (coenzyme Q) and the naphthoquinones menaquinone (vitamin K2) and demethylmenaquinone are derived from the shikimate pathway, which has been described as a “metabolic tree with many branches.” Menaquinone (MK) is considered a vitamin, but coenzyme (Q) is not; MK is an essential nutrient (it …
Is menaquinone is a form of vitamin B?
Vitamin K2 or menaquinone (/ˌmɛnəˈkwɪnoʊn/) is one of three types of vitamin K, the other two being vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) and K3 (menadione). K2 is both a tissue and bacterial product (derived from vitamin K1 in both cases) and is usually found in animal products or fermented foods.
What is vitamin K from Saccharomyces cerevisiae?
Vitamin K is a name given to a group of derivatives of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone that are required by mammals for the posttranslational modification of certain proteins, mostly involved in blood coagulation. These compounds, while essential for mammals, are not synthesized by them, and are thus considered vitamins.
What is Menaquinone 4 made from?
Menatetrenone (INN), also known as MK-4, is one of the nine forms of vitamin K2. MK-4 is produced via conversion of vitamin K1 in the body, in the testes, pancreas and arterial walls.
What is chemical name of menadione?
Menadione
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name 2-Methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione | |
| Other names Menaphthone; Vitamin K3; β-Methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone; 2-Methyl-1,4-naphthodione; 2-Methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone | |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 58-27-5 |
Which vitamin is not fat soluble?
Vitamins are classified as either fat soluble (vitamins A, D, E and K) or water soluble (vitamins B and C). This difference between the two groups is very important. It determines how each vitamin acts within the body.
Which vitamin K is menaquinone?
Vitamin K2 (menaquinone): Found in animal foods and fermented foods ( 2 ).
Where does menaquinone and ubiquinone come from?
Escherichia coli and Salmonella contain the naphthoquinones menaquinone (MK; vitamin K2) and demethylmenaquinone and the benzoquinone ubiquinone (coenzyme Q; Q). Both quinones are derived from the shikimate pathway, which has been called a “metabolic tree with many branches.” There are two different …
What is the biosynthesis of vitamin K2 and ubiquinone?
Biosynthesis of Menaquinone (Vitamin K2) and Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) Escherichia coli and Salmonella contain the naphthoquinones menaquinone (MK; vitamin K2) and demethylmenaquinone and the benzoquinone ubiquinone (coenzyme Q; Q). Both quinones are derived from the shikimate pathway, which has been called a “metabolic tree with many branches.”
What are the biosynthesis pathways for naphthoquinone?
There are two different pathways for the biosynthesis of the naphthoquinones. The vast majority of prokaryotes, including E. coli and Salmonella, and the plants use the o-succinylbenzoate pathway, while a minority uses the futalosine pathway.
Where does the prenyl side chain of quinone come from?
The prenyl side chains of both quinones are from isopentenyl diphosphate formed by the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (non-mevalonate) pathway and the methyl groups are from S-adenosylmethionine. In addition, MK biosynthesis requires 2-ketoglutarate and cofactors ATP, coenzyme A, and thiamine pyrophosphate.