Why does glutathione peroxidase require selenium?
Selenium (Se), an essential trace metal, is important in both growth and reproduction and is the constituent of different selenoproteins. The glutathione peroxidase (GPx) family is the most studied as it prevents oxidative stress. Liver oxidation is considered as another mechanism involved in low birth weight.
What is glutathione peroxidase important for?
Glutathione peroxidase is an antioxidant enzyme class with the capacity to scavenge free radicals. This is in turn helps to prevent lipid peroxidation and maintain intracellular homeostasis as well as redox balance [71].
Is Selenium a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase?
Selenium is an essential cofactor for approximately 25 selenoproteins [1,2], including the glutathione peroxidases (GPx1–8 [3]), selenoprotein P and thioredoxin reductases. GPxs are enzymes crucial for detoxification and protecting cells from oxidant damage.
What causes low selenium levels?
Causes. It can occur in patients with severely compromised intestinal function, those undergoing total parenteral nutrition, those who have had gastrointestinal bypass surgery, and also in persons of advanced age (i.e., over 90). People dependent on food grown from selenium-deficient soil may be at risk for deficiency.
Does selenium increase glutathione?
By increasing your intake of selenium, you may help maintain or increase your body’s supply of glutathione. The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for selenium for adults is 55 mcg. This is based on the amount needed to maximize the production of glutathione peroxidase ( 10 ).
What mineral is a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase?
Selenium (Se) is a trace mineral that is essential to the health of humans and animals because it is necessary to synthesize selenoproteins like the enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), iodothyronine deiodinase, and selenophosphate synthetase.
How is glutathione peroxidase related to H2O2?
Glutathione peroxidases (GPX) are selenium-dependent hydroperoxidase-reducing enzymes that contribute in reducing H2O2 and fatty acid hydroperoxides. Glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) was first identified in 1957 as an activity that protects red blood cells against H2 O 2 (eqn [1]) ( Mills 1957 ).
How does glutathione peroxidase help maintain intracellular homeostasis?
Glutathione Peroxidase Glutathione peroxidase is an antioxidant enzyme class with the capacity to scavenge free radicals. This is in turn helps to prevent lipid peroxidation and maintain intracellular homeostasis as well as redox balance.
How does glutathione reduce selenocysteine in GPXs?
In selenocysteine-containing GPxs, the oxidized selenocysteine is reduced back in two steps by glutathione, through a mixed selenodisulfide intermediate. In the majority of the Cys homologs, instead, the oxidized cysteine gives rise to an intramolecular disulfide that is reduced by thioredoxin.
When was glutathione peroxidase first identified in red blood cells?
Glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) was first identified in 1957 as an activity that protects red blood cells against H2 O 2 (eqn) (Mills 1957). (1) H 2 O 2 + 2 GSH → 2 H 2 O + GSSG