What is gerbode defect?
Gerbode defect is defined as abnormal shunting between the left ventricle and right atrium resulting from either a congenital defect or prior cardiac insults.
How many types of VSD are there?
There are four basic types of VSD: Membranous VSD. An opening in a particular area of the upper section of the ventricular septum (an area called the membranous septum), near the valves. This type of VSD is the most commonly operated on since most membranous VSDs do not usually close spontaneously.
What is Supracristal VSD?
The crista supraventricularis can be considered synonymous with the infundibular (or conus) ventricular septum. It is the portion of the septum that separates the tricuspid and pulmonary valves. Defects above this part of the septum are referred to as supracristal defects.
What is inlet VSD?
Inlet Ventricular Septal Defect This is a hole in the septum near to where the blood enters the ventricles through the tricuspid and mitral valves. This type of ventricular septal defect also might be part of another heart defect called an atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD).
What is a Perimembranous VSD?
Perimembranous ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are located in the left ventricle outflow tract beneath the aortic valve. They are the most common VSD subtype in the United States, occurring in 75-80% of cases. Defects may extend into adjacent portions of the ventricular septum.
What is Eisenmenger syndrome?
Eisenmenger (I-sun-meng-uhr) syndrome is a long-term complication of an unrepaired heart defect that someone was born with (congenital). The congenital heart defects associated with Eisenmenger syndrome cause blood to circulate abnormally in your heart and lungs.
How is a VSD repaired?
VSD transcatheter repair uses a flexible tube called a catheter. This tube contains a small device, often shaped like an umbrella. The healthcare provider threads the tube through a blood vessel in the groin and into the heart, next to the wall between the ventricles.
Is VSD genetic?
The genetic etiology of VSD is complex and extraordinarily heterogenous. Chromosomal abnormalities such as aneuploidy and structural variations as well as rare point mutations in various genes have been reported to be associated with this cardiac defect.
Why does VSD cause Holosystolic murmur?
A holosystolic murmur is heard at the left sternal border due to turbulence across the VSD. The intensity of the murmur is inversely proportional to the magnitude of the shunt; the smaller the shunt, the louder the murmur and vice versa.
How does VSD affect cardiac output?
CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECTS A left-to-right shunt resulting from the VSD can result in: Increased LV volume load. Excessive pulmonary blood flow. Reduced systemic cardiac output.
How does VSD affect blood flow?
A VSD allows oxygenated blood to mix with deoxygenated blood, causing increased blood pressure and increased blood flow in the lung arteries. This results in increased work for the heart and lungs.
Does VSD need surgery?
Children and adults who have a medium or large ventricular septal defect or one that’s causing significant symptoms may need surgery to close the defect. Some smaller ventricular septal defects are closed surgically to prevent complications related to their locations, such as damage to heart valves.