What chemicals are used to make biodiesel?
Biodiesel is made by reacting vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol (methanol or ethanol) and a catalyst (sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide). Sulfuric and hydrochloric acids are also used in biodiesel production. Methanol, the catalysts, and the acids are toxic chemicals.
What is a major ingredient of biodiesel fuel?
Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils, yellow grease, used cooking oils, or animal fats. The fuel is produced by transesterification—a process that converts fats and oils into biodiesel and glycerin (a coproduct).
What raw materials are used in biodiesel?
The raw materials for biodiesel production are vegetable oils, animal fats and short chain alcohols.
What are sterol glucosides?
Steryl glucosides are neutral glycolipids commonly found in plant cell membranes and vegetable oils that contain a glucose moiety conjugated to a sterol lipid.
What is the pH of biodiesel?
around 7
The ideal pH of the product should be around 7. Discard of the biodiesel into the Polyethylene Terephthalate (PETE) waste container (used soda or water bottle).
What are 3 ingredients in biofuels?
The ingredients for biofuels include (but are not limited to) ethanol (from corn, tobacco and orange peels), methane and vegetable oil (see References 1 and 2).
Which oil is best for biodiesel?
Biodiesel synthesized from oil crops, vegetable oils, and animal fats are the potential renewable carbon-neutral substitute to petroleum fuels. This study concludes that waste oils with higher oil content including waste cooking oil, waste palm oil, and algal oil are the most favorable feedstocks.
What is biodiesel PPT?
Biodiesel refers to a non-petroleum-based diesel fuel consisting of short chain alkyl (methyl or ethyl) esters, made by Transesterfication of vegetable oil or animal fat , which can be used (alone, or blended with conventional petro-diesel) in unmodified diesel-engine vehicles.
What are the sources and raw materials of biodiesel production?
Biodiesel is a non-toxic, biodegradable, renewable fuel that can be produced from a range of organic and renewable raw material including fresh or waste vegetable oils, animal fats, and oilseed plants.
What are the problems with biodiesel?
The most common problems with fuel quality are (1) the biodiesel may contain some “unconverted”vegetable oil (incomplete processing), (2) traces of chemicals from the making of the biodiesel (e.g., methanol, lye) can remain in the biodiesel, (3) products of the reaction (e.g., glycerin, soaps) may not be completely …
How much methanol is used in biodiesel?
Generally, 20 pounds of methanol is used for every 100 pounds of biodiesel produced.
What do sterol glucosides do to a biodiesel filter?
Sterol glucosides cause precipitation problems in biodiesel, leading to fuel filter blockage. Testing for sterol glucosides in biodiesel and biodiesel filter residues is essential for the investigation of biodiesel problems. Intertek has significant expertise in testing biodiesel and finding the root-cause of biodiesel fuel filter related problems.
Why are sterol glycosides important to plant cells?
The presence of minor components, such as plant sterols, can also affect the operability and stability of the fuel. Acylated sterol glycosides (ASG) are an important class of natural compounds that are part of plant cell walls and are fully soluble in oil.
What happens to SG content in biodiesel filtration?
Filtration of 1 kg of soybean biodiesel at room temperature through 5 g of diatomaceous earth reduced the SG content from 68 ppm to 20 ppm (Lee et al., 2007). The MG, DG, and triacylglycerides (TG) concentrations did not change as a result of the filtration.
What kind of diesel is used in biodiesel?
Generally, biodiesel is commercialized as diesel blends, i.e., B2–B20, which is a mixture of petroleum diesel and 2–20 vol% of biodiesel.