What is attitude direction indicator?
The attitude direction indicator (ADI) presents the pitch and bank of the aircraft relative to a depiction of the horizon. Therefore, an inside-out frame of reference must convey the illusion that the aircraft is moving.
Where would you find an attitude indicator?
Traditional Attitude Indicators Mounted to the gyro arms is a card with lines depicting degrees of pitch, and on the outside, degrees of bank.
What is the max bank limitation of the attitude indicator on the ground for an IFR flight?
110 degrees
Flight Envelope Typical vacuum-driven attitude indicators have a limit of 100–110 degrees of bank and 60–70 degrees of pitch. For older AIs, the limits are closer to 60 degrees in pitch and 100 degrees in roll.
Does attitude indicator use precession?
Precession occurs when the vacuum or electric motor of an AI operates outside the design limits, or when any excess frictional force disturbs the free rotation of the gyroscope at design speed. This causes a slow falling out or sluggish movement of the indicator.
What is standby attitude indicator?
Standby Attitude Indicator A self-contained, two coloured moving drum indicating aircraft attitude.
How is the attitude and heading indicator mounted?
The gyro in a heading indicator is mounted in a double gimbal, as in an attitude indicator, but its spin axis is horizontal permitting sensing of rotation about the vertical axis of the aircraft. A knob on the front of the instrument, below the dial, can be pushed in to engage the gimbals.
What is the limitation of an attitude indicator?
The limits of the instrument refer to the maximum rotation of the gimbals beyond which the gyro will tumble. The older type vacuum-driven attitude indicators have bank limits of approximately 100° to 110°, and pitch limits of 60° to 70°.
Can you fly without attitude indicator?
No. Just the removal maintenance needs to be signed off and the inop indicator shown removed per 91.213. As long as you verified it’s not needed for flight you should be ready to go.
How many degrees of freedom does an attitude indicator operate on?
“Performance = Attitude + Power”. Traditional, self-contained attitude indicators use a gyroscope (powered via vacuum or electrically) to establish an inertial platform. The gyroscope is geared to a display that has two degrees of freedom, simultaneously displaying pitch and bank.
Is HSI vacuum driven?
HSIs can be driven by iron gyros or by electronic (digital) gyros. If iron gyros, those gyros can be spun by electricity or by vacuum. The displays can be electronic (EHSIs) or mechanical. Finally, the HSI compass card can be slaved to a magnetic sensor or non-slaved like your basic heading indicator.
Is a standby attitude indicator required for IFR flight?
Operationally, the standby altimeter is only required for IFR flight, per the KOEL.
Where is the bank on the attitude indicator?
Bank is represented both by the airplane bars against the horizon but also by the small orange teeth at the top of the indicator. In the instrument pictured the bank is about 12 degrees to the left.
What does the attitude indicator ( AI ) tell you?
The attitude indicator ( AI ), formerly known as the gyro horizon or artificial horizon, is a flight instrument that informs the pilot of the aircraft orientation relative to Earth’s horizon, and gives an immediate indication of the smallest orientation change. The miniature aircraft and horizon bar mimic…
When to use the horizon bar as an attitude indicator?
This scale should be used only to control the degree of desired bank. The relationship of the miniature aircraft to the horizon bar should be used for an indication of the direction of bank. Attitude representation by the attitude indicator corresponds to the relation of the aircraft to the real horizon.
Is the attitude indicator integrated with the FDS?
The Attitude Direction Indicator (ADI), or Flight Director Indicator (FDI), is an AI integrated with a Flight Director System (FDS).