What is smooth muscle proliferation?
Proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs) represents an important event in vascular lesion formation. Our hypothesis is that injury causes mitogens to be released from dead cells, which then stimulate cell proliferation.
What causes smooth muscle proliferation?
After injury, there is deposition of platelets that release platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and other mitogenic factors that penetrate the vascular wall and trigger medial vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. The platelets also release chemokines, which initiate an inflammatory response.
What is vascular cell proliferation?
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is an important component of vessel wall remodelling in response to injury, for example, after angioplasty or vein grafting, and during atherosclerosis formation.
What does smooth muscle cell mean?
Involuntary Muscle Cells
Smooth Muscle Cells — The Involuntary Muscle Cells Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) are involuntary, non-striated muscle cells that line the insides of hollow organs such as arteries, lungs, bladder, the digestive system, and the reproductive system.
What is endothelial proliferation?
Definition: The multiplication or reproduction of endothelial cells, resulting in the expansion of a cell population. Endothelial cells are thin flattened cells which line the inside surfaces of body cavities, blood vessels, and lymph vessels, making up the endothelium.
How does smooth muscle grow?
The increase in smooth muscle mass may be due to hypertrophy (an increase in cell size), hyperplasia (an increase of cell number), or an increase in extracellular matrix. Hypertrophy of smooth muscle cells and increase in extracellular matrix are reportedly responsible for hypertrophic pyloric muscle in IHPS(7–9).
What is smooth muscle cell migration?
Smooth muscle cell migration occurs during vascular development, in response to vascular injury, and during atherogenesis. Promigratory stimuli activate signal transduction cascades that trigger remodeling of the cytoskeleton, change the adhesiveness of the cell to the matrix, and activate motor proteins.
What is the function of smooth muscles?
Smooth muscle is present throughout the body, where it serves a variety of functions. It is in the stomach and intestines, where it helps with digestion and nutrient collection. It exists throughout the urinary system, where it functions to help rid the body of toxins and works in electrolyte balance.
What are smooth muscles in the body?
Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs like your intestines and stomach. They work automatically without you being aware of them. Smooth muscles are involved in many ‘housekeeping’ functions of the body. The muscular walls of your intestines contract to push food through your body.
What angiogenesis means?
(AN-jee-oh-JEH-neh-sis) Blood vessel formation. Tumor angiogenesis is the growth of new blood vessels that tumors need to grow. This process is caused by the release of chemicals by the tumor and by host cells near the tumor.
What is smooth muscle made of?
Smooth muscle is a type of muscle that contracts without any voluntary control, and it is made of a thin form of layers, which is made up of spindle-shaped, unstriated cells with only one nucleus and present in inner organs walls like bladder, intestine, stomach, blood vessels, etc.
When does vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation occur?
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is an important component of vessel wall remodelling in response to injury, for example, after angioplasty or vein grafting, and during atherosclerosis formation.
Which is the best definition of smooth muscle?
Smooth Muscle Definition. Smooth muscle is a type of muscle tissue which is used by various systems to apply pressure to vessels and organs. Smooth muscle is composed of sheets or strands of smooth muscle cells.
Why are there no striations in smooth muscle?
Smooth muscle does not have striations because it is arranged differently than skeletal muscle. The arrangement does not produce dark bands in the cells, but the same motor proteins (actin and myosin) are used.
Why are smooth muscle cells not electrically coupled?
Multiunit smooth muscle cells rarely possess gap junctions, and thus are not electrically coupled. As a result, contraction does not spread from one cell to the next, but is instead confined to the cell that was originally stimulated.