What does NKG2D recognize?

What does NKG2D recognize?

NKG2D recognizes induced-self proteins from MIC and RAET1/ULBP families which appear on the surface of stressed, malignant transformed, and infected cells.

Do all NK cells express NKG2D?

NKG2D, encoded by Klrk1, is an activating cell surface receptor that is predominantly expressed on cytotoxic immune cells. NKG2D is abundantly present on all NK cells, NKT cells, and subsets of γδ T cells.

What does HLA-G do?

At the maternal-fetal interface, HLA-G has been found to inhibit the cytotoxicity of T cells and NK cells and increase the proportion of Treg cells. It may also perform similar functions in tumor microenvironment.

Do all monocytes express CD14?

The most predominant of the three, termed “classical monocytes”, express high levels of CD14 on their surface, are devoid of surface CD16 and account for approximately 80% of the total monocyte population. The remaining 20% express CD16 and have been further classified into two subtypes.

How are NKG2D ligands used in cancer treatment?

By recognizing ligands induced on infected or tumor cells, NKG2D modulates lymphocyte activation and promotes immunity to eliminate ligand-expressing cells. Because these ligands are not widely expressed on healthy adult tissue, NKG2D ligands may present a useful target for immunotherapeutic approaches in cancer.

Where are NKG2D ligands found in the pancreas?

Expression of NKG2D ligands and self-reactivity. NKG2D ligands have been detected on the pancreatic islets of pre-diabetic NOD mice, but age-matched BALB/c mice did not express Rae1 or other NKG2D ligands ( 75 ). Thus, the role of NKG2D in the development of type I diabetes (T1D) mellitus may be NOD strain-specific.

Why does IL-21 not inhibit NKG2D in mice?

In mice, IL-21 stimulation of murine NK cells does not regulate NKG2D expression, and this may be due to the pairing of NKG2D with DAP12 in NK cells, which may not be regulated by IL-21 ( 21 ). Similarly, TGF-β decreases NKG2D expression, but this can be reversed after NK cells are exposed to IL-2 or IL-18 ( 24 ).