Which of the following is a virus that is a member of family Togaviridae?
RUBELLA VIRUS (TOGAVIRIDAE) Rubella virus is a member of the Togaviridae family and the only member of the genus Rubivirus. The other Togavirus genus, Alphavirus, contains 26 members all of which are arthropod-borne.
What diseases are caused by flavivirus?
Members of this family belong to a single genus, Flavivirus, and cause widespread morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Some of the mosquitoes-transmitted viruses include: Yellow Fever, Dengue Fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile viruses, and Zika virus.
What does Togaviridae cause?
The Togaviridae include the major causes of infectious arthropod-borne equine encephalitides and are divided into two main groups: the Alphaviridae—including Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE), Western equine encephalitis (WEE), and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE)—and the Flaviviridae, including West Nile virus ( …
How are alphaviruses transmitted?
Alphaviruses are arboviruses, i.e. they are transmitted to humans via an arthropod vector, a mosquito in the case of alphaviruses (see Fig. 3, Chapter 5). The most well-known are Chikungunya, Sindbis, Semliki Forest and Ross River viruses.
Which of the following are common clinical symptom of alphavirus infection?
Alphavirus infections are characterized by the triad of fever, arthralgia and rash. These clinical features occur abruptly after an incubation period of 2–10 days. In the early phase, fever, muscle pains, malaise and headache dominate the clinical picture.
How do you prevent togavirus?
Treatment for togavirus infections is generally supportive in order to manage symptoms or complications. An effective measure in preventing rubella is through childhood immunizations using the MMR (Measles, Mumps Rubella) vaccine. There are no human vaccines available for the prevention of the alphavirus diseases.
What is the most common flavivirus infection?
Dengue virus Over the past 70 years, the number of people infected has risen steadily, making DENV the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease in the world.
What is the meaning of togaviridae?
Medical Definition of Togaviridae : a family of single-stranded RNA viruses that have a spherical virion about 70 nanometers in diameter and that include the causative agents of German measles and the three forms of equine encephalitis — see alphavirus, rubivirus.
What diseases are caused by arbovirus?
These infections usually occur during warm weather months, when mosquitoes and ticks are active. Examples include California encephalitis, Chikungunya, dengue, Eastern equine encephalitis, Powassan, St. Louis encephalitis, West Nile, Yellow Fever, and Zika.
How many Alphaviruses are there?
There are 32 alphaviruses, which infect various vertebrates such as humans, rodents, fish, birds, and larger mammals such as horses, as well as invertebrates.
Which disease is caused by alphavirus?
Alphaviruses, such as Chikungunya virus, O’Nyong–Nyong virus, Ross River virus, have been widely known to cause fever, rash, and rheumatic diseases.
What causes equine encephalomyelitis?
EEE is a rare disease caused by a virus spread by infected mosquitoes. EEE virus is one of a group of mosquito-transmitted viruses that can cause inflammation of the brain (encephalitis). In the United States, an average of 11 human cases of EEE are reported annually.