How does transcription and translation work bacteria?
Bacteria have an interesting answer. In bacteria, mRNA is translated into protein as soon as it is transcribed. Thus, in eukaryotes, while transcription occurs in the nucleus, translation occurs in the cytoplasm. In other words, eukaryotic transcription and translation are spatially and temporally isolated.
How can transcription and translation occur simultaneously in a bacterial cell?
Multiple polymerases can transcribe a single bacterial gene while numerous ribosomes concurrently translate the mRNA transcripts into polypeptides. In this way, a specific protein can rapidly reach a high concentration in the bacterial cell.
Where does transcription and translation occur in bacteria?
Prokaryotic transcription occurs in the cytoplasm alongside translation. Prokaryotic transcription and translation can occur simultaneously. This is impossible in eukaryotes, where transcription occurs in a membrane-bound nucleus while translation occurs outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm.
Why are transcription and translation coupled in bacteria?
Bacteria depend on transcription-translation coupling for genome integrity, termination of transcription and control of mRNA stability. It has also been suggested that coupling of transcription with translation is an important mechanism of preventing formation of deleterious R-loops.
How does transcription occur in bacteria?
Bacterial transcription is the process in which a segment of bacterial DNA is copied into a newly synthesized strand of messenger RNA (mRNA) with use of the enzyme RNA polymerase. Once the σ-factor releases from the polymerase, elongation proceeds.
How are transcription and translation different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
In eukaryotes, transcription and translation take place in different cellular compartments: transcription takes place in the membrane-bounded nucleus, whereas translation takes place outside the nucleus in the cytoplasm. In prokaryotes, the two processes are closely coupled (Figure 28.15).
How is transcription and translation coupled?
Coupled Transcription-Translation: A Hallmark Feature of Prokaryotic Gene Expression. Coupled transcription-translation (CTT) occurs when ribosomes bind and start to translate nascent mRNAs, whose transcription has not terminated yet, therefore forming an “RNAP·nascent mRNA·ribosome” complex (Figure 1).
How can transcription and translation be linked?
Transcription and translation take the information in DNA and use it to produce proteins. Transcription uses a strand of DNA as a template to build a molecule called RNA. During translation, the RNA molecule created in the transcription process delivers information from the DNA to the protein-building machines.
Where does translation happen in bacteria?
In bacteria, mRNA is translated into protein as soon as it is transcribed. Thus, in eukaryotes, while transcription occurs in the nucleus, translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
Where does translation occur in bacteria?
Bacteria have an interesting answer. In bacteria, mRNA is translated into protein as soon as it is transcribed. Thus, in eukaryotes, while transcription occurs in the nucleus, translation occurs in the cytoplasm.
What is translation and transcription?
The process by which DNA is copied to RNA is called transcription, and that by which RNA is used to produce proteins is called translation.
How is transcription different in bacteria and eukaryotes?
In bacteria, transcription and translation can occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm of the cell, whereas in eukaryotes transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm. Instead, eukaryotes have transcription factors that allow the recognition and binding of promoter sites.
What is the role of RNA in transcription and translation?
Transcription uses a strand of DNA as a template to build a molecule called RNA. The RNA molecule is the link between DNA and the production of proteins . During translation, the RNA molecule created in the transcription process delivers information from the DNA to the protein-building machines.
What are the steps to translation and transcription?
The two main steps in gene expression are transcription and translation. Transcription is the name given to the process in which DNA is copied to make a complementary strand of RNA . RNA then undergoes translation to make proteins. The major steps of transcription are initiation, promoter clearance, elongation, and termination.
What is the purpose of DNA transcription and translation?
Transcription and translation take the information in DNA and use it to produce proteins. Transcription uses a strand of DNA as a template to build a molecule called RNA . The RNA molecule is the link between DNA and the production of proteins.
How does DNA transcription and RNA translation occur?
It actually consists of two processes: transcription and translation. Transcription takes place in the nucleus. It uses DNA as a template to make an RNA molecule. RNA then leaves the nucleus and goes to a ribosome in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs. Translation reads the genetic code in mRNA and makes a protein.