What was happening in Athens in 431 BC?
The long anticipated war between Athens and its allies and Sparta and its allies finally broke out in 431 BC. Numerous small-scale skirmishes took place, but Pericles insisted that Athens avoid land battles and use its navy to cripple Sparta by attacking the coasts of the Peloponnese, the Spartan homeland.
Why did Athens and Sparta go to war in 431?
The Peloponnesian War is the name given to the long series of conflicts between Athens and Sparta that lasted from 431 until 404 BC. However, the more immediate reason for the war was Athenian control of the Delian League, the vast naval alliance that allowed it to dominate the Mediterranean Sea.
Who attacked Athens in 431 BC?
Sparta
Sparta and its allies accused Athens of aggression and threatened war. On the advice of Pericles, its most influential leader, Athens refused to back down. Diplomatic efforts to resolve the dispute failed. Finally, in the spring of 431, a Spartan ally, Thebes, attacked an Athenian ally, Plataea, and open war began.
What happened between Athens and Sparta and what happened to Greece?
The Peloponnesian War was a war fought in ancient Greece between Athens and Sparta—the two most powerful city-states in ancient Greece at the time (431 to 405 B.C.E.). This war shifted power from Athens to Sparta, making Sparta the most powerful city-state in the region. This eventually drew Sparta into the conflict.
What 5 reasons prompted the Peloponnesian War?
Thucydides on the Cause of the Peloponnesian War
- Sparta was jealous of other powers and desired more power for itself.
- Sparta was unhappy at no longer having all the military glory.
- Athen bullied its allies and neutral cities.
- There was a conflict among city-states between competing political ideologies.
Who won the Athens and Sparta war?
Athens was forced to surrender, and Sparta won the Peloponnesian War in 404 BC. Spartans terms were lenient. First, the democracy was replaced by on oligarchy of thirty Athenians, friendly to Sparta.
What roles did Athens and Sparta play in the Peloponnesian War?
Athens used it’s navy to fight the Persians at sea. Sparta attempted to stop the Persian army, but a Greek traitor showed the Persians a secret route that allowed the Persians to surround the Spartans. All of the Spartan soldiers were killed. Summarize what happened at the Battle of Salamis.
How did the Spartans fall?
Spartan culture was centered on loyalty to the state and military service. Despite their military prowess, the Spartans’ dominance was short-lived: In 371 B.C., they were defeated by Thebes at the Battle of Leuctra, and their empire went into a long period of decline.
Who won the Persian war?
the Greeks
Though the outcome of battles seemed to tip in Persia’s favor (such as the famed battle at Thermopylae where a limited number of Spartans managed to wage an impressive stand against the Persians), the Greeks won the war. There are two factors that helped the Greeks defeat the Persian Empire.
Did the Athenians beat the Spartans?
In the battle, the Athenians obliterated the Spartan fleet, and succeeded in re-establishing the financial basis of the Athenian Empire. Between 410 and 406, Athens won a continuous string of victories, and eventually recovered large portions of its empire. All of this was due, in no small part, to Alcibiades.
Why did Sparta invade Athens?
The primary causes were that Sparta feared the growing power and influence of the Athenian Empire. The Peloponnesian war began after the Persian Wars ended in 449 BCE. This disagreement led to friction and eventually outright war. Additionally, Athens and its ambitions caused increasing instability in Greece.
What was the war between Athens and Sparta?
The Peloponnesian war (431-404 BC), fought between Athens and Sparta, began one year prior to the epidemic. The Spartans were almost exclusively a land based power and could summon large armies. The Athenians retreated behind city walls and hoped to keep the Spartan supply lines choked off with their superior navy.
Who are the Allies of Athens in the Peloponnesian War?
The Athenians had allies all around them by land, including an alliance with Megara, a former Peloponnesian League friend of Sparta. Athens also and controlled the seas. The Peloponnesian League met in 432 BC. Corinth, a city-state in that league, complained that Sparta was not doing enough to control Athens.
What was the role of Sparta in ancient Greece?
Sparta was a warrior society in ancient Greece that reached the height of its power after defeating rival city-state Athens in the Peloponnesian War (431-404 B.C.). Spartan culture was centered on loyalty to the state and military service.
What was the strategy of Athens during the first war?
Athens maintained its empire through naval power. Thus, the two powers were relatively unable to fight decisive battles. The Spartan strategy during the first war, known as the Archidamian War (431–421 BC) after Sparta’s king Archidamus II, was to invade the land surrounding Athens.