What is class switching mechanism?
Class switching occurs by a mechanism called class switch recombination (CSR) binding. Class switch recombination is a biological mechanism that allows the class of antibody produced by an activated B cell to change during a process known as isotype or class switching.
How does class switch recombination occur?
Class switching occurs by a deletional recombination between two different switch (S) regions, each of which is associated with a heavy chain constant (CH) region gene. Class switch recombination (CSR) is instigated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which converts cytosines in S regions to uracils.
What is the purpose of the class switch?
Class switching is a process which takes place in B cells to alter the class of antibody produced during an immune response from IgM to one of the other classes.
What is IgM?
Immunoglobulin M (IgM), which is found mainly in the blood and lymph fluid, is the first antibody to be made by the body to fight a new infection. Immunoglobulin E (IgE), which is associated mainly with allergic reactions (when the immune system overreacts to environmental antigens such as pollen or pet dander).
Which recombination mechanism is operated during genes splicing?
Homologous recombination is a type of genetic recombination in which genetic information is exchanged between two similar or identical molecules of double-stranded or single-stranded nucleic acids (usually DNA as in cellular organisms but may be also RNA in viruses).
What comes first IgG or IgM?
IgM antibody appears first, followed by IgA on mucosal surfaces or IgG in the serum. The IgG antibody is the major antibody of the response and is very stable, with a half-life of 7 to 21 days.
Why is VDJ recombination important?
V(D)J recombination is the mechanism of somatic recombination that occurs only in developing lymphocytes during the early stages of T and B cell maturation. It results in the highly diverse repertoire of antibodies/immunoglobulins and T cell receptors (TCRs) found in B cells and T cells, respectively.
Where does class switch recombination occur in the cell?
It occurs by a unique type of intrachromosomal deletional recombination within special G-rich tandem repeated DNA sequences [called switch, or S, regions located upstream of each of the he … Antibody class switching occurs in mature B cells in response to antigen stimulation and costimulatory signals.
What is the mechanism of the IGH switch?
IgH chain class switch recombination: mechanism and regulation IgH class switching occurs rapidly after activation of mature naive B cells, resulting in a switch from expression of IgM and IgD to expression of IgG, IgE, or IgA; this switch improves the ability of Abs to remove the pathogen that induces the humoral immune response.
Who are the authors of IGH chain switch recombination?
IgH chain class switch recombination: mechanism and regulation J Immunol. 2014 Dec 1;193(11):5370-8.doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.1401849. Authors Janet Stavnezer 1 , Carol E Schrader 2
Where does the recombination of cytosines take place?
The recombination is initiated by the B cell-specific activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), which deaminates cytosines in both the donor and acceptor S regions.