What are the basic categories of intestinal obstruction?
The most common causes of obstruction are adhesions, hernias, and tumors; a small-bowel obstruction in the absence of prior surgery or hernias is often caused by a tumor. Vomiting and third spacing of fluid cause volume depletion. Prolonged obstruction can cause bowel ischemia, infarction, and perforation.
What is the most common type of gastric obstruction in infants?
Intussusception. Intussusception is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in infants and children aged 3 months to 6 years.
Which are the common symptoms of neonatal intestinal obstruction?
Signs of bowel obstruction
- vomiting with or without bile stained material; never ignore bile-stained vomiting in the newborn.
- increased gastric residuals before feedings.
- failure to pass meconium in the first 24 hours of life.
- abdominal distension (particularly with low level obstruction)
- absent or decreased bowel sounds.
What is Ogilvie?
Specialty. Gastroenterology. Ogilvie syndrome is the acute dilatation of the colon in the absence of any mechanical obstruction in severely ill patients. Acute colonic pseudo-obstruction is characterized by massive dilatation of the cecum (diameter > 10 cm) and right colon on abdominal X-ray.
What is mechanical intestinal obstruction?
Mechanical obstructions are when something physically blocks the small intestine. This can be due to: adhesions: fibrous tissue that develops after abdominal surgery. volvulus: twisting of the intestines. intussusception: “telescoping,” or pushing of one segment of intestine into the next section.
What is intestinal blockage newborn?
Neonatal intestinal obstruction is caused by an anatomical abnormality that produces bowel movement failure. Intestinal obstruction presents with three classic clinical signs: vomiting, abdominal distention, and failure to pass meconium.
What causes intestinal neonatal obstruction?
Causes of colon obstruction include colonic atresia, meconium plug, small left colon syndrome, and Hirschsprung disease. Hirschsprung disease (aganglionic megacolon) may present during the newborn period or later. Faulty innervation (absence of ganglion cells) interrupts peristalsis, both contraction and relaxation.
What is institutional colon?
The “institutional colon”: a frequent colonic dysmotility in psychiatric and neurologic disease.
How to diagnose intestinal obstruction in neonates?
Early and accurate diagnosis of intestinal obstruction is paramount for proper patient management. For evaluation and diagnosis, intestinal obstruction in neonates can be divided into either high or low obstruction on the basis of the number of dilated bowel loops present on the initial abdominal radiographs.
What are the different types of bowel obstruction in babies?
Neonatal bowel obstruction is grouped into two general categories: high, or proximal, obstruction and low, or distal obstruction, both of which are suspected by failure to pass meconium at birth.
Can a neonate have an upper gastrointestinal series?
Although neonates with classic radiographic findings of high intestinal obstruction, such as duodenal atresia, may directly undergo surgery without any additional imaging, an upper gastrointestinal series is typically performed for further evaluation.
When is an intestinal obstruction considered high or low?
Intestinal obstruction is classified as “high” when the level of obstruction is proximal to the ileum and “low” when the level of obstruction is at the ileum or colon. Prenatally, proximal obstruction is more readily diagnosed than distal obstruction because bowel dilatation and/or polyhydramnios are more likely to be present.