What is the mechanism of action for Depakote?
Scientists do not know the mechanism of action of valproic acid. The most popular theory is that valproic acid exerts its effects by increasing the concentration of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. GABA is a neurotransmitter, a chemical that nerves use to communicate with one another.
What does Depakote do?
Valproate is a mood stabilizer medication that works in the brain. It is approved for the treatment of mania associated with bipolar disorder (also known as manic depression), seizures (epilepsy), and migraine headaches. Bipolar disorder involves episodes of depression and/or mania.
Is Depakote an inducer or inhibitor?
Table 1
| Drug | Main route(s) of elimination |
|---|---|
| Carbamazepine | Oxidation |
| Ethosuximide | Oxidation |
| Phenobarbital | Oxidation + N-glucosidation (75% of the dose) and renal excretion (25%) |
| Phenytoin | Oxidation |
What are the indications for Depakote?
Depakote Delayed-Release Tablets are indicated for treatment of manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder. Depakote ER is indicated for acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar disorder, with or without psychotic features.
What is the mechanism of action of carbamazepine?
Mechanism of action Carbamazepine is a sodium channel blocker. It binds preferentially to voltage-gated sodium channels in their inactive conformation, which prevents repetitive and sustained firing of an action potential.
What does valproic acid inhibit?
Valproic acid inhibits the activity of CYP2C9 at clinically relevant concentrations in human liver microsomes. Inhibition of CYP2C9 can explain some of the effects of valproic acid on the pharmacokinetics of other drugs, such as phenytoin.
What are side effects of Depakote?
A: Common side effects experienced with Depakote include drowsiness, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, low platelet count, tremors, tiredness, and hair loss. The side effects may be mild to moderate, but they may also be signs of a more serious condition.
Is cyclosporine A CYP inhibitor?
Cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (Tac) are immunosuppressive drugs used in the majority of patients with solid organ transplants, generally in combination with a wide range of drugs. CsA and Tac seem not only to be substrates of CYP3A but have also been described as inhibitors of CYP3A.
Is valproic acid an inhibitor?
Much of the evidence indicating that valproic acid is an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 enzymes derives from clinical observations. Valproic acid has been reported to inhibit the drug oxidation and elevate the plasma levels of several drugs including phenytoin, phenobarbital, diazepam and lorazepam [9-12].
What kind of medication is Depakote used for?
Depakote is used to treat various types of seizure disorders. This medicine is sometimes used together with other seizure medications. Depakote is also used to treat manic episodes related to bipolar disorder (manic depression), and to prevent migraine headaches.
Are there any side effects to stopping Depakote?
If you need surgery, tell the surgeon ahead of time that you are using Depakote. Do not stop using Depakote suddenly, even if you feel fine. Stopping suddenly may cause a serious, life-threatening type of seizure. Follow your doctor’s instructions about tapering your dose.
What are the mechanisms of action of valproate?
After more than 40 years of clinical use, the mechanisms of action of valproate in epilepsy, bipolar disorder and migraine are still not fully understood. However, recent findings reviewed here shed new light on the cellular effects of valproate.
How often can you change Depakote to valproate?
Conversion from Depakote to Depakote ER: Administered Depakote ER once daily using a dose 8-20% higher than the total daily dose of Depakote. Therapeutic range. Low serum albumin levels may cause an increase in unbound drug (while total concentration may appear normal) Epilepsy: 50-100 mcg/mL total valproate.
What does the drug Depakote do?
What is the mechanism of action of valproic acid?
Mechanism of Action Valproic acid exhibits its pharmacologic effects in a couple of ways, such as by acting on GABA (γ aminobutyric acid) levels in the CNS, blocking voltage-gated ion channels, and inhibiting histone deacetylase.
How does Depakote work in the brain?
Divalproex sodium works by increasing the amount of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. The body produces GABA naturally. It is a chemical neurotransmitter — or brain messenger. Faster than normal electrical impulses in the brain can cause erratic impulses.
What is the difference between Depakote and divalproex?
What Is Depakote? Depakote (divalproex sodium) is a stable coordination compound comprised of sodium valproate and valproic acid used to treat manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder, epilepsy, and migraine headaches. Generic Depakote (termed divalproex sodium) is available under several other names.
What happens when Depakote levels are too high?
Unusual weight gain or loss. Tremors. Blurred or double vision, uncontrolled eye movements. Mood swings.
How does Depakote work for bipolar?
Anticonvulsants are sometimes taken to treat the manic episodes associated with bipolar disorder. Depakote is sometimes prescribed when patients experience rapid cycling of mood episodes and works by calming the hyperactivity of the brain during mania.
How does Depakote affect serotonin?
Dr Jackson also notes that Depakote has been shown to increase levels of serotonin in many brain regions, “hence,” she says, “it was factor #3 in the serotonin syndrome which presumably killed this child.”
What is the primary action of Carbimazole?
It is used to treat hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis. Carbimazole is an aitithyroid agent that decreases the uptake and concentration of inorganic iodine by thyroid, it also reduces the formation of di-iodotyrosine and thyroxine.
What happens to your body when you take Depakote?
Depakote can reduce the body’s ability to manufacture certain blood cells which are important to fight infections and prevent bleeding. A reduction in these cells can cause fever, sore throat and ulcers in the mouth, or unusual bleeding and easy bruising. If these symptoms occur, contact your doctor immediately.
How often can Depakote be added to the regimen?
Depakote may be added to the patient’s regimen at a dosage of 10 to 15 mg/kg/day. The dosage may be increased by 5 to 10 mg/kg/week to achieve optimal clinical response. Ordinarily, optimal clinical response is achieved at daily doses below 60 mg/kg/day.
When to sprinkle Depakote capsules on soft food?
Capsules may be opened and sprinkled on spoonful of soft food immediately before administration Depakote or Depakote Sprinkles: If daily dose >250 mg, give as divided dose bremelanotide will decrease the level or effect of divalproex sodium by Other (see comment). Avoid or Use Alternate Drug.