What is the very first step of McCabe Thiele method?
The first step is to draw equal sized vertical and horizontal axes of a graph. The horizontal axis will be for the mole fraction (denoted by x) of the lower-boiling feed component in the liquid phase. The vertical axis will be for the mole fraction (denoted by y) of the lower-boiling feed component in the vapor phase.
How do you do the McCabe Thiele diagram?
Target product quality (composition) of the top and bottom products.
- Step 1: Establish the Plot.
- Step 2: Add 45 Degree line.
- Step 3: Add Equilibrium Data.
- Step 4: Choose Product Compositions.
- Step 5: Add the Feed Condition Line.
- Step 6: The Rectifying Section.
- Step 7: The Stripping Section.
- Step 8: Stepping Down the Plot.
What is a stage in distillation?
Distillation is the most widely used separation process in the chemical industry. Distillation is an equilibrium stage operation. In each stage, a vapor phase is contacted with a liquid phase and mass is from vapor to liquid and from liquid to vapor.
What is Lewis Sorel method?
The mols of vapor from the top plate are equal to Ob + Z>, and the reflux to this plate is Or, Sorel’s assumption of the vapor and liquid leaving the plate being in equilibrium, called a theoretical plate, makes it possible to calculate the composition of the liquid leaving the top plate of the tower from the …
How does number of stages affect distillation?
That is, the separation is poorer. Again, the composition has changed. This time the distillate is much richer in the more volatile component, while the bottoms has less, indicating better separation. Thus, increasing the number of stages will improve separation.
What is VLE diagram?
The VLE plot expresses the bubble-point and the dew-point of a binary mixture at constant pressure. The curved line is called the equilibrium line and describes the compositions of the liquid and vapour in equilibrium at some fixed pressure. The most intriguing VLE curves are generated by azeotropic systems.
What are the limitations of McCabe-Thiele method?
One of the main disadvantages of the McCabe-Thiele Method is that it is not very useful for analyzing the distillation of mixtures containing more than 2 components. However, the method is still useful as a teaching tool and a conceptual tool.
What is ponchon Savarit method?
The Ponchon{Savarit diagram (Ponchon 1921; Savarit 1922) for binary distillation allows one to account for enthalpy effects that cause a varying molar overflow when stepping off stages graphically. It is a diagram that plots vapour and liquid enthalpy curves versus composition.
What factors affect distillation?
Five Critical Factors to Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium During Distillation
- Factor #1 – Relative Volatility.
- Factor #2 – Activity Coefficient.
- Factor #3 – Solubility.
- Factor #4 – Maximum achievable concentration.
- Factor #5 – Surface area.
How does feed stage affect distillation?
As the feed stage is moved lower down the column, the top composition becomes less rich in the more volatile component while the bottoms contains more of the more volatile component. However, the changes in top composition is not as marked as the bottoms composition.
When did the McCabe Thiele method of distillation start?
The McCabe-Thiele method of distillation design is a graphical method of design that dates back to the early 20 th century.
What was the purpose of the McCabe Thiele diagram?
The McCabe-Thiele diagram enabled decades of effective design and operational analysis of distillation columns, and has been used to teach several generations of chemical engineers to design and trouble- shoot distillation and other cascaded processes. Simplifi ed methods such as McCabe-Thiele are rarely used today for detailed design.
What is the schematic of a distillation column?
Figure 1: Detailed Schematic of a Distillation Column This schematic is interpreted as follows: There are N stages in the distillation column including the reboiler and condenser and they are numbered from bottom to top. A feed mixture enters the column at some stage f between the top and the bottom and can be liquid, vapor, or a mixture of both.
How is the gradient of a McCabe Thiele plot calculated?
This is shown on a McCabe-Thiele plot using the feed condition line. The feed condition line passes through the intersection point of the 45° line and the feed composition line, and its gradient can be calculated as a function of the properties of the feed. Where the feed is 50 mol% liquid the line will be perpendicular to the 45° line.