What does reprotoxic mean?
Reproductive toxicity is a hazard associated with some chemical substances, which interfere in some way with normal reproduction; such substances are called reprotoxic. They may adversely affect sexual function and fertility in adult males and females, as well as causing developmental toxicity in the offspring.
What is a reprotoxic substance?
Reprotoxic substances are chemical substances which are harmful to reproduction and can cause adverse non-hereditary effects on the offspring or increase the occurrence of such effects through inhalation, ingestion or skin contact.
What are carcinogens?
A carcinogen is something that can cause you to have cancer. It may be a substance in the air, a product you use, or a chemical in foods and drinks. Just because you had contact with a carcinogen doesn’t mean that you’ll get cancer.
What is CMR classification?
CMR substances are substances that are carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic to reproduction (CMR). They are of specific concern due to the long term and serious effects that they may exert on human health.
What is a mutagenic substance?
Definition. A mutagen is a substance or agent that causes an increase in the rate of change in genes (subsections of the DNA of the body’s cells). These mutations (changes) can be passed along as the cell reproduces, sometimes leading to defective cells or cancer.
What is carcinogenic effect?
Carcinogens may increase the risk of cancer by altering cellular metabolism or damaging DNA directly in cells, which interferes with biological processes, and induces the uncontrolled, malignant division, ultimately leading to the formation of tumors.
What are CMR substances?
CMR substances are chemical substances (or mixtures) of specific concern due to the long term and serious effects that they may have on human health. Reprotoxic stands for chemical substances which may affect sexual function and fertility of adults, as well as causing developmental toxicity in the offspring.
What are carcinogenic substances?
Certain chemicals, including benzene, beryllium, asbestos, vinyl chloride, and arsenic are known human carcinogens, meaning they have been found to cause cancer in humans. A person’s risk of developing cancer depends on how much, how long, how often, and when they are exposed to these chemicals.
What are carcinogens and mutagens?
A mutagen is a substance or agent that induces heritable change in cells or organisms. A carcinogen is a substance that induces unregulated growth processes in cells or tissues of multicellular animals, leading to the disease called cancer (Fig.
What are CMR products?
CMR Substances. EU cosmetics legislation contains provisions on the use of substances classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic, or toxic for reproduction (CMR substances) in cosmetic products. In general, the use of CMR substances is prohibited, apart from in exceptional cases.
What is the meaning of mutagenic?
Medical Definition of mutagenic : inducing or capable of inducing genetic mutation some chemicals and X-rays are mutagenic agents.
Are all mutagens carcinogens?
A carcinogen is any agent that directly increases the incidence of cancer. Most, but not all carcinogens are mutagens. Carcinogens that do not directly damage DNA include substances that accelerate cell division, thereby leaving less opportunity for cell to repair induced mutations, or errors in replication.
How are carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic substances defined?
Some of them are categorised as “CMRs” because they are carcinogenic, mutagenic or reprotoxic. These terms are defined by regulations[1]: Carcinogens (C): substances and preparations which, if they are inhaled or ingested of if they penetrate the skin, may induce cancer or increase its incidence.
What is the meaning of the word reprotoxic?
Having a toxic effect on the process of reproduction. Under REACH and several specific pieces of legislation (on cosmetic products, biocides and pesticides), carcinogens, mutagens and reprotoxic substances are treated in an umbrella group of substances of very high concern.
How is mutagen used to treat reproductive toxicity?
Mutagen is used for agents increasing the occurrence of mutations. Many mutagenic substances are also carcinogenic, but not all. Reproductive toxicity is used for agents which cause adverse effects on sexual function and fertility in males and females, developmental toxicity in the offspring and effects through or via lactation.
How many people are exposed to carcinogenic substances?
Even though the use of collective protection methods has spread, exposure to carcinogenic substances has slightly increased since the last survey conducted in 1994. Approximately 186,000 employees (1.1 %) may be exposed to mutagenic substances and almost 180,000 (1 %) to reprotoxic substances.