What is obliterative phlebitis?
Phlebitis in which the lumen of a vein becomes permanently closed.
What are the symptoms of IgG4?
Symptoms of IgG4-RD include diffuse pain of joints, tendons, with associated fatigue, especially when several systems/organs are already affected. There is no fever, night sweats, or – generally – weight loss. In most cases, tissue biopsy is the gold diagnostic standard.
What does IgG4 do to your body?
It has various normal functions in the body, but in IgG4-related disease, immune cells that produce IgG4, along with other related cells, accumulate abnormally in certain organs and damage them. The affected organs can enlarge and may eventually fill with scar tissue (fibrosis) and the damage can be permanent.
When should you suspect IgG4?
presentation affecting a wide range of organ systems means that the diagnostic approach may be complex, IgG4-RD should be clinically suspected in patients presenting with unexplained enlargement or swelling of 1 or more organs or tissues. the patient presents, the greater the likelihood of a diagnosis of IgG4-RD.
What is IgG4 related disease?
IgG 4 related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibroinflammatory disease characterized by dense infiltration of IgG4-positive plasma cells in the affected tissue(s) with or without elevated plasma levels of IgG4.
What triggers IgG4?
The cause of IgG4-RD is unknown, but is thought to involve autoimmunity because of its chronic, insidious nature, the targeting of self-proteins by antibodies (1 Etiology reference Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a chronic immune-mediated fibroinflammatory disorder that often manifests with tumor-like …
Is IgG4 an autoimmune disease?
IgG4-RD is a recently recognised, rare autoimmune condition that can affect most organs and links a number of inflammatory diseases that previously were considered unrelated and affecting only one organ.
Is IgG4 an inflammatory disease?
IgG4-related disease is a fibro-inflammatory condition that can affect nearly any organ system. Common presentations include major salivary and lacrimal gland enlargement, orbital disease, autoimmune pancreatitis, retroperitoneal fibrosis and tubulointerstitial nephritis.
Is IgG4 curable?
It may also lead to swelling that can be mistaken for tumors. Particularly if diagnosed early, IgG4-RSD is highly treatable.
How serious is IgG4?
IgG4-RD can cause many different symptoms and may affect one or several organs at the same time or at different times. Although symptoms may sometimes be mild, it can also cause severe organ damage and even death if not treated.
How common is IgG4-related disease?
IgG4-related ophthalmic disease is encountered in approximately 17 to 23 percent of patients with IgG4-RD [68-70]. Bilateral lacrimal gland involvement is typical, even though the onset of clinical disease in the two glands may be asynchronous.
How does phlebitis affect the surface of the skin?
The thrombus in the vein causes pain and irritation and may block blood flow in the veins. Phlebitis can occur in both the surface (superficial) or deep veins. Superficial phlebitis affects veins on the skin surface. The condition is rarely serious and, with proper care, usually resolves rapidly.
Can a blood clot be a complication of superficial phlebitis?
This is a serious condition called pulmonary embolism. Superficial phlebitis can be a complication due to a medical or surgical procedure. Injury to a vein increases the risk of forming a blood clot. Sometimes clots occur without an injury. Some risk factors for thrombophlebitis include the following:
Can a deep vein thrombophlebitis make your symptoms worse?
It can make your symptoms worse. If you have deep vein thrombophlebitis, you may need to stay in the hospital for a few days for diagnosis and treatment to ensure that no complications occur. If your evaluation shows superficial phlebitis and you are otherwise healthy, you can likely go home.
When do you need to go to hospital for phlebitis?
The duration of anticoagulant treatment is usually between 3-6 months. If you have signs of infection, you will need to take an antibiotic. If the superficial phlebitis has progressed to involve the deep veins, then it is a serious condition that may even require hospital admission for treatment and further evaluation.