What are Staphylococcus virulence factors?
It is well known that S. aureus produces many virulence factors, such as hemolysins, leukocidins, proteases, enterotoxins, exfoliative toxins, and immune-modulatory factors (11, 12, 21, 31). The expression of these factors is tightly regulated during growth.
Where is Corynebacterium Pseudodiphtheriticum found?
Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum is a Gram-positive bacterium found as a member of the normal microbiota of the upper respiratory tract.
Where is Corynebacterium found in humans?
They are ubiquitous and can be found on the skin and in the upper respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. The primary pathogen in this group is Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the etiologic agent of diphtheria. Additional corynebacteria include 45 species, 30 of which on rare occasion cause human disease.
Is Corynebacterium Diphtheriae an opportunistic pathogen?
Corynebacteria (including diphtheria) pseudotuberculosis, as well as opportunistic and strict human pathogens such as C. jeikeium and C. diphtheriae. The most extensively studied species in the genus, C.
What are the symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus?
Symptoms include redness, swelling, and pain at the site of infection.
- S. aureus can also cause serious infections such as pneumonia (infection of the lungs) or bacteremia (bloodstream infection).
- If you suspect you may have an infection with S. aureus contact your health care provider.
What is the main virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus?
The virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus include antigens, enzymes and toxins like: Antigens: Capsule. Adhesins.
Is Corynebacterium Pseudodiphtheriticum Gram-positive or negative?
Gram-Positive Bacilli About 19 cases of IE due to Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum (previously Corynebacterium hofmannii) have been reported; native valves were involved in approximately half of these cases.
What antibiotics treat Corynebacterium?
Many antibiotics are effective, including penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, rifampin, and tetracycline; erythromycin or penicillin is the treatment of choice and is usually given for 14 days.
What kills Corynebacterium?
The goal is both to kill the organism and to terminate toxin production. Many antibiotics are effective, including penicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, rifampin, and tetracycline; erythromycin or penicillin is the treatment of choice and is usually given for 14 days.
What does Corynebacterium do to the body?
Diphtheria is a serious infection caused by strains of bacteria called Corynebacterium diphtheriae that make toxin (poison). It can lead to difficulty breathing, heart failure, paralysis, and even death. CDC recommends vaccines for infants, children, teens, and adults to prevent diphtheria.
What is the morphology of Corynebacterium Diphtheriae?
C. diphtheriae is a pleomorphic, club-shaped, Gram positive bacillus that is catalase positive, non-motile, non-spore forming, and non-acid fast. On Gram stain, the organisms are typically described as having a “picket fence” or “Chinese character” morphology (image 3).
What is the mechanism of action of diphtheria toxin?
Diphtheria toxin kills cells by inhibiting eukaryotic protein synthesis, and its mechanism of action has been extensively characterized. This potent toxin inactivates elongation factor (EF-2) required for protein synthesis (Collier, 1967).