What is the mechanism of disease resistance in plants?
Plant immune systems rely on their ability to recognize enemy molecules, carry out signal transduction, and respond defensively through pathways involving many genes and their products. Pathogens actively attempt to evade and interfere with response pathways, selecting for a decentralized, multicomponent immune system.
What are the types of resistance to disease?
It will be discussed under three main headings for which the least unsatisfactory terms probably are race,specitic, race non-specific and non-host resistance.
How do plants resist infection?
What is the disease resistance?
Disease resistance is the ability to prevent or reduce the presence of diseases in otherwise susceptible hosts. It can arise from genetic or environmental factors, such as incomplete penetrance. Disease tolerance is different as it is the ability of a host to limit the impact of disease on host health.
What is mechanism of resistance in plant against insects?
Plant structural traits such as leaf surface wax, thorns or trichomes, and cell wall thickness/ and lignification form the first physical barrier to feeding by the herbivores, and the secondary metabolites such act as toxins and also affect growth, development, and digestibility reducers form the next barriers that …
What is the mechanism of developing resistance to disease called?
Germ Defense Strategies Their defense strategies are called resistance mechanisms. Bacteria develop resistance mechanisms by using instructions provided by their DNA. Often, resistance genes are found within plasmids, small pieces of DNA that carry genetic instructions from one germ to another.
What are the types of plant resistance?
Host plant resistance can be broken down into three categories: non-preference, antibiosis, and tolerance.
What is natural disease resistance in plants?
Relative to a susceptible plant, disease resistance is the reduction of pathogen growth on or in the plant (and hence a reduction of disease), while the term disease tolerance describes plants that exhibit little disease damage despite substantial pathogen levels.
How does a plant resist disease and pest?
Plant disease resistance protects plants from pathogens in two ways: by pre-formed structures and chemicals, and by infection-induced responses of the immune system.
What is a natural resistance to disease?
Resistance to disease, or more generally the ability of animals not to become ill, represents a major objective health-wise and concerning animal welfare. For example, a natural resistance to mastitis offers the double advantage of limiting the use of drugs and providing obvious comfort for the animal.
What is resistance to disease or poison?
Mithridatism is the practice of protecting oneself against a poison by gradually self-administering non-lethal amounts. The word is derived from Mithridates VI, the King of Pontus, who so feared being poisoned that he regularly ingested small doses, aiming to develop immunity.
What are the three mechanisms of plant resistance to insects?
Mainly, there are three types of insect resistance in plants: Antibiosis, Antixenosis or Non-preference and Tolerance.
How are the defenses of a plant affected?
• Structural ( Morphological) defense • Biochemical defense Both the defenses are affected by: Age of the plant Type of organ infected Nutritional status of the host Environmental conditions TIME-LINE OF INFECTION Fungal pathogen: Host:
Why is host resistance important in pest control?
Host resistance is important in reducing cost ofpest control, may help protect environment byreducing pesticide use, and may help alleviatethe onset of pesticide resistance. Host resistance used more for plant disease andnematode management because pesticides not soreadily available or effective.
How are your genes used in resistance breeding?
R genes have been used in resistance breeding programs for decades, with varying degrees of success. Recent molecular research on R pro- teins and downstream signal transduction networks has provided exciting insights, which will enhance the use of R genes for disease control.
How are phenolic compounds used as defense in plants?
Defense through increased level of phenolics •Plants contains aromatic acids that act as precursors of phenolic compounds –Simplest compound is phenol: having a single OH group on benzene ring –When benzene ring has more than one OH group – polyphenols ( lignins, phenyl glucoside, flavanoids, anthocyanin etc. –Quinone: displacement of H