How do you remove staghorn calculus?
Complete removal of staghorn calculi should remain the goal in patients whose comorbidities do not preclude treatment. Treatment options for staghorn calculi include PCNL, shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), ureteroscopy, or a combination of two or more of these treatments.
What foods cause staghorn kidney stones?
Avoid stone-forming foods: Beets, chocolate, spinach, rhubarb, tea, and most nuts are rich in oxalate, which can contribute to kidney stones. If you suffer from stones, your doctor may advise you to avoid these foods or to consume them in smaller amounts.
What causes staghorn stones?
Staghorn stones composed of struvite are usually associated with urinary tract infection caused by a urea-splitting organism, the most common of which is Proteus mirabilis. Other urea-splitting bacteria include some Klebsiella and Pseudomonas species, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Ureaplasma urealyticum.
What are staghorn calculi normally composed of?
Staghorn calculi are most frequently composed of mixtures of magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and/or calcium carbonate apatite.
Do staghorn calculi cause pain?
Struvite and staghorn kidney stone symptoms are similar to those of regular kidney stones. A few symptoms of these kidney stones are: Painful urination. Severe pain on the side of your abdominal region and your back.
How common are staghorn calculi?
Although kidney stones are commoner in men, staghorn stones are less often reported in men compared to women and they are usually unilateral [4–8]. Staghorn stones are infection stones in 49–68% of cases and, therefore, the term staghorn traditionally referred to struvite stone [9,10].
What is staghorn calculus?
Staghorn calculi, also sometimes called coral calculi, are renal calculi that obtain their characteristic shape by forming a cast of the renal pelvis and calyces, thus resembling the horns of a stag. They refer to struvite calculi involving the renal pelvis and extending into at least two calyces7.
What is the most common cause of staghorn renal calculi?
Epidemiology. Staghorn calculi are the result of recurrent infection and are thus more commonly encountered in women 6, those with renal tract anomalies, reflux, spinal cord injuries, neurogenic bladder or ileal ureteral diversion.
What does a staghorn kidney stone feel like?
Can you dissolve a staghorn kidney stone?
A stone that has left the kidney may need to be pushed back into the kidney with a small tool (ureteroscope) before the surgeon can do the procedure. These procedures are used more frequently than extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) to remove larger stones, such as staghorn calculi.
What does staghorn calculi look like?
Staghorn calculi, also sometimes called coral calculi, are renal calculi that obtain their characteristic shape by forming a cast of the renal pelvis and calyces, thus resembling the horns of a stag.
What are the 4 types of kidney stones?
There are four types of kidney stones: calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, and cystine.