What is b cell immortalization?
Infection of primary B lymphocytes with Epstein-Barr virus gives rise to growth-transformed and immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) in vitro. Among their many applications is the use of LCL to present antigens in a variety of immunologic assays and to generate human monoclonal antibodies.
What is immortalization of cells?
Immortalized cells are a population of cells from a multicellular organism due to mutation, which can escape normal cellular senescence and keep undergoing division. Thus, this kind of cells can grow in vitro for prolonged periods.
What are EBV transformed lymphocytes?
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transforms resting primary human B lymphocytes into indefinitely proliferating lymphoblastoid cell lines in vitro and is associated with several human malignancies in vivo.
Which human cells does EBV infect?
Human B cells are the primary targets of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. In most cases, EBV infection is asymptomatic because of a highly effective host immune response, but some individuals develop self-limiting infectious mononucleosis, while others develop EBV-associated lymphoid or epithelial malignancies.
How is EBV Dlbcl treated?
Currently, there is no uniformly accepted treatment for EBV+ DLBCL beyond the current standard therapy for DLBCL (2, 6). The standard treatment for DLBCL is the combination of rituximab, a chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) (2).
How does SV40 immortalization work?
For the most part, viral genes achieve immortalization by inactivating the tumor suppressor genes (p53, Rb, and others) that can induce a replicative senescent state in cells. Recent studies have also shown that SV40 T antigen can induce Telomerase activity in the infected cells.
What does the term immortalization mean in in vitro culture system?
Immortalized cell lines are either tumorous cells that do not stop dividing or cells that have been artificially manipulated to proliferate indefinitely and can, thus, be cultured over several generations.
What is the difference between transformed and immortalized cells?
The key difference between immortalized and transformed cells is that immortalized cells are not cancerous, while transformed cells are cancerous. Transformed cells and immortalized cells are two types of cells. They divide indefinitely. Both immortalization and transformation are essential events of cancer formation.
How does Epstein Barr Virus transform B cells?
In vitro, EBV efficiently infects mature, resting B lymphocytes, activates them, and induces their continuous proliferation, leading to established lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL).
How does EBV infect B cells?
EBV is transmitted from the carrier through the saliva and enters the host via the oropharynx region where it can infect naïve tonsillar B cells via interaction of the viral envelope glycoprotein gp350 and CD21/C3d expressed on B cells.
What happens to B cells in EBV?
How is the immortalization of B lymphocytes done?
Immortalization of B lymphocytes by EBV is an effective procedure for inducing long-term growth of certain human B lymphocytes. The protocol described in this unit to accomplish this can be divided into three stages: preparation of virus, preparation of target cells to be immortalized, and EBV infec …
What are the three stages of immortalization of EBV?
The protocol described in this unit to accomplish this can be divided into three stages: preparation of virus, preparation of target cells to be immortalized, and EBV infection and growth of infected cells. MeSH terms Animals B-Lymphocytes / cytology*
Which is the best way to immortalize a cell?
The most recently discovered approach to cell immortalization is through the expression of Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase protein (TERT), particularly for cells that are most affected by telomere length, such as human cells (Lundberg AS. 2005; Fridman AL, 2008).
How are viral genes used to immortalize cells?
For the most part, viral genes achieve immortalization by inactivating the tumor suppressor genes (p53, Rb, and others) that can induce a replicative senescent state in cells (Lundberg AS, 2000). Cell immortalization is a very complicated cellular process and the exact biological mechanisms are still largely not well understood.