What are the virulence factors of tuberculosis?
In the present review, the virulence determinants have been divided into the following categories based on their function, molecular features or cellular localization: (1) Lipid and fatty acid metabolism, including catabolism of cholesterol, (2) cell envelope proteins: including cell wall proteins, lipoproteins and …
Which protein is present in Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
One such protein is Rv 2536, which has been classified as a potential membrane protein. We thus carried out PCR assays with mycobacteria belonging to the M. tuberculosis complex and 19 atypical mycobacteria to determine this gene’s presence or absence in M. tuberculosis and other mycobacteria.
Does Mycobacterium tuberculosis release toxins?
Upon host infection, Mycobacterium tuberculosis secretes the tuberculosis necrotizing toxin (TNT) into the cytosol of infected macrophages, leading to host cell death by necroptosis.
How does Mycolic acid protect TB?
tuberculosis cell walls contain fatty molecules known as mycolic acids, which make the bacteria less susceptible to antibiotics. These molecules also help the bacteria to subvert and then hide from the immune system.
Is Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factors?
Although Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) does not have classical virulence factors, it has described many virulence-associated genes and virulence lifestyle genes from Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC).
Is Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulent?
M. tuberculosis does not have classical virulence factors like those which are the major causes of diseases due to other bacterial pathogens, e.g., toxins produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella dysenteriae, and Vibrio cholerae.
What are MCE proteins?
Mce transporters belong to a group of cell-wall proteins. The genome of M. tuberculosis contains four mce operons that encode complexes, each of which consists of two integral membrane proteins (YrbEB) followed by six other Mce proteins (MceA–F). These proteins are functionally similar to ABC transporters.
What toxins is produced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Is Mycolic acid a virulence factor?
Molecular structure of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis virulence factor, mycolic acid, determines the elicited inflammatory pattern. Eur J Immunol.
What is Mycolic acid in tuberculosis?
Mycolic acids are unique long chain fatty acids found in the lipid‐rich cell walls of mycobacteria including the tubercle bacillus M ycobacterium tuberculosis. Essential for viability and virulence, enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids represent novel targets for drug development.
What kind of proteins are found in tuberculosis?
The Esat6 and CF-10 proteins are members of the Esat6 family of related small secreted proteins found in M. tuberculosis culture filtrates. Both proteins are immunodominant antigens that are recognized by the sera in a majority of TB patients (265).
How is curcumin used to treat Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Curcumin inhibits 19-kDa lipoprotein of Mycobacterium tuberculosis induced macrophage apoptosis via regulation of the JNK pathway Recently, synthetic curcumin analogs are reported as potential active compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). During the process of MTB infection, macrophages show increased apoptosis.
How is Mycobacterium tuberculosis studied in tissue culture?
M. tuberculosis virulence is studied both in tissue culture, mainly using macrophages and more recently dendritic cells (31, 126, 145) and pneumocytes (24, 28), and in animal models. While tissue culture models are easier to work with and give faster results, they are limited to the early stages of infection.
How is genetic complementation used to study tuberculosis?
Genetic complementation has also been used to identify M. tuberculosis virulence genes. These studies use M. tuberculosis strains that are known to be avirulent or nonpathogenic as recipients for genes that can be selected on the basis of encoding a virulence phenotype, using assays described earlier in this review.