What is a Adynamic ileus?
Adynamic ileus is the failure of passage of enteric contents through the small bowel and colon that are not mechanically obstructed; i.e. it represents a paralysis of intestinal motility.
What is Adynamic paralytic ileus?
Paralytic ileus (adynamic ileus) is a motility disorder of the intestine resulting from the acute failure of peristalsis Summers (1999). It may be classified on the basis of its etiology. For example, postoperative ileus, which occurs following surgery, is the most common form of paralytic ileus.
When does Adynamic ileus most commonly occur?
However, unlike intestinal obstruction, ileus is not caused by a physical blockage (such as a tumor or scar tissue) and rarely leads to rupture. Ileus commonly occurs for 24 to 72 hours after abdominal surgery, particularly when the intestines have been manipulated. , for example), may cause ileus.
What is the most common cause of ileus?
An ileus most commonly occurs after abdominal or pelvic surgery. According to some estimates, ileus or other bowel obstruction is the second most common cause for readmission to the hospital within the first month following surgery.
What causes colonic ileus?
Causes of paralytic ileus may include: Bacteria or viruses that cause intestinal infections (gastroenteritis) Chemical, electrolyte, or mineral imbalances (such as decreased potassium level) Abdominal surgery.
Why does hypokalemia cause ileus?
Hypokalemia may lead to reduced neural conduction to and within the Enteric Nervous System, altering the normally highly coordinated reflexes and patterns of GI motility, with the result being one mechanism linking potassium levels to paralytic ileus.
Why does hypokalemia cause paralytic ileus?
What causes ileus?
What is the pathophysiology related to small bowel obstruction?
Pathophysiology of Intestinal Obstruction In simple mechanical obstruction, blockage occurs without vascular compromise. Ingested fluid and food, digestive secretions, and gas accumulate above the obstruction. The proximal bowel distends, and the distal segment collapses.
What is the treatment for paralytic ileus?
Treatment options include surgical placement of a tube through the stomach or nose to alleviate the distension and remove the obstruction. Paralytic ileus is a serious medical condition that should be evaluated immediately by a health care provider.
What drugs can cause paralytic ileus?
Examples of medications that can cause a paralytic ileus include:
- hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
- morphine.
- oxycodone.
- tricyclic antidepressants, such as amitriptyline and imipramine (Tofranil)
What causes an adynamic ileus in the head?
Metabolic disorders like hyponatremia may also cause adynamic ileus. Injury or trauma in head. Neuro surgery is the rare cause. Congestive heart failure. Myocardial infarction. Inflammation in the abdominal cavity and peritonitis may lead to adynamic ileus.
When does an ileus occur after abdominal surgery?
Ileus that persists for more than 3 days following surgery is termed postoperative adynamic ileus or paralytic ileus. [ 2] Frequently, ileus occurs after major abdominal operations, but it may also occur after retroperitoneal and extra-abdominal surgery, as well as general anesthesia alone.
How are adynamic ileus and acute colonic pseudo-obstruction treated?
Both conditions are initially treated with supportive measures that include intravenous rehydration, correction of electrolyte abnormalities, discontinuation of antikinetic drugs, and treatment of other contributing disorders.
What kind of obstruction is a paralytic ileus?
Paralytic ileus (adynamic ileus) is a nonmechanical hypomotility resulting in a functional obstruction of the bowel (pseudo-obstruction).