What is HBV genotype A?

What is HBV genotype A?

To date, 10 HBV genotypes, scattered across different geographical regions, have been identified. For example, genotype A has a tendency for chronicity, whereas viral mutations are frequently encountered in genotype C. Both chronicity and mutation frequency are common in genotype D.

What is the normal range of HBV?

Any value between 1 and 5 s/c is indeterminate and should be repeated. For hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs), a level less than 5 mIU is considered negative, while a level more than 12 mIU is considered protective. Any value between 5 and 12 mIU is indeterminate and should be repeated.

What HBV DNA level is high?

A baseline high HBV-DNA level > 10 000 copies/mL was associated with a significant increased risk of HCC[30] and with progression towards cirrhosis[22].

How do you find the HBV genotype?

Despite the emergence of many methods to genotype HBV, sequencing is still considered the “gold standard” method for genotyping, followed by phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis. This method is the most reliable, since it is able to determine the whole genome sequence of HBV.

What is HBV IU mL?

HBV-DNA or hepatitis B virus DNA is a measure of the viral load of the hepatitis B virus in the blood. The result is expressed in international units per millilitre (IU/mL), with each unit representing approximately 6 viral particles per millilitre of blood.

What is log10 HBV IU mL?

A result of “<10 IU/mL (<1.00 log IU/mL)” indicates that HBV DNA is detected, but the HBV DNA level present cannot be quantified accurately below this lower limit of quantification of this assay. When clinically indicated, follow-up testing with this assay is recommended in 1 to 2 months.

What are the stages of HBV?

It comprises the immune‐tolerant phase, immune‐active chronic phase, inactive HBsAg phase and reactivation. The four phases differ from each other in certain parameters such as serum ALT level, HBeAg status and viral load.

How many genotypes are there for Hep C?

Scientists call the different types of hepatitis c “genotypes.” Each hepatitis C genotype has a different genetic makeup that helps define it. There are six basic genotypes. Scientists break down each of these numbers into subtypes by letters, like 1a, 1b, etc.